首先,请注意,rdf:List
在您的 OWL 代码中使用 s 意味着您将使用 OWL Full,而许多推理器旨在使用 OWL DL。您可能会对此感到满意,如果可以,那就太好了。如果您需要留在 OWL DL 中,那么您将不得不使用您自己的列表词汇表,例如,类warp:List
和属性warp:first
and warp:rest
,并使用它们而不是它们的 RDF 对应物。
无论如何,一旦你决定了你的List
类和你的first
属性rest
,你就可以定义一个列表类型ListOfElements
,它只能包含某个类Element
的成员,具有以下限制:
ElementList ⊑ List and (first only Element) and (rest only ElementList)
这意味着 anElementList
是: (i) a List
;(ii) 该first
财产的价值为Element
;并且 (iii) has an ElementList
as its rest
,这意味着其余的东西List
也必须是Element
s。无论nil
对象是什么,都应该已经声明为 a List
,但您可能还需要包括:
没有一个元素列表
但这并不一定那么重要。对于您的情况,您希望以TitleList
类似的方式定义一个类,然后将您的属性范围声明为TitleList
.
这是一个示例本体,其中仅定义了这些类型的List
类和一个ElementList
类(在人类可读的 Turtle 中):
@prefix : <http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
:rest a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :List ;
rdfs:range :List .
:List a owl:Class .
:nil a owl:NamedIndividual , :ElementList , :List .
:ElementList a owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( :List [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom :Element ;
owl:onProperty :first
] [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:allValuesFrom :ElementList ;
owl:onProperty :rest
] )
] .
:Element a owl:Class .
:first a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :List .
<http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code>
a owl:Ontology .
[ a owl:Axiom ;
rdfs:comment "It's probably a good idea to specify that nil is an ElementList. This could also be inferred, though, if there is a nil-terminated List that is known to be an ElementList." ;
owl:annotatedProperty rdf:type ;
owl:annotatedSource :nil ;
owl:annotatedTarget :ElementList
] .
为全面起见,我定义了新的新List
类、first
属性rest
和个体nil
,但如果 OWL Full 对你来说没问题,那么你可以使用rdf:List
等。为了完整起见,这里是 RDF/XML 中的相同本体:
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code"/>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#List"/>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#ElementList">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class>
<owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#List"/>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#first"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:allValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#Element"/>
</owl:allValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#rest"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#ElementList"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</owl:intersectionOf>
</owl:Class>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#rest">
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#List"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#List"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#first">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#List"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:Axiom>
<rdfs:comment>It's probably a good idea to specify that nil is an ElementList. This could also be inferred, though, if there is a nil-terminated List that is known to be an ElementList.</rdfs:comment>
<owl:annotatedTarget rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#ElementList"/>
<owl:annotatedSource>
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#nil">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#ElementList"/>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://stackoverflow.com/a/19480798/1281433/code#List"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
</owl:annotatedSource>
<owl:annotatedProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"/>
</owl:Axiom>
</rdf:RDF>