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我有这个要优化的大型查询，我已经对其进行了优化，但有时它仍然很慢（> 1s）：

select count(DISTINCT if(ps15.specification in ('All Season'),p.products_id,NULL)) as count1 ,count(DISTINCT if(ps15.specification in ('Winter'),p.products_id,NULL)) as count2 ,count(DISTINCT if(ps15.specification in ('Zomer'),p.products_id,NULL)) as count3 ,count(DISTINCT if(ps15.specification in ('Winter 2012'),p.products_id,NULL)) as count4 ,count(DISTINCT if(ps15.specification in ('Zomer 2013'),p.products_id,NULL)) as count5 ,count(DISTINCT if(ps15.specification in ('Winter 2013'),p.products_id,NULL)) as count6 ,count(DISTINCT if(ps15.specification in ('Zomer 2014'),p.products_id,NULL)) as count7
from (products p)
inner join (products_to_categories p2c)
  on (p.products_id = p2c.products_id)
inner join (products_attributes pa)
  on (p.products_id = pa.products_id)
inner join (products_options_values pv)
  on (pa.options_values_id = pv.products_options_values_id)
inner join (products_stock ps)
  on (p.products_id=ps.products_id 
    and pv.products_options_values_id = ps.products_options_values_id2 
    and ps.products_stock_quantity>0)
INNER JOIN products_specifications ps15 
  ON p.products_id = ps15.products_id  
    AND ps15.specifications_id = '15'
    AND ps15.language_id = '1'
INNER JOIN products_specifications ps10 
  ON p.products_id = ps10.products_id  
    AND ps10.specifications_id = '10' 
    AND ps10.language_id = '1' 
where p.products_status = '1'
  and p2c.categories_id in (72,1,23,100,74,24,33,34,35,77,110,25,45,44,40,41,42,85,76,78,83,102,107,111,119,50,52,81,105,108,112,86,88,87,98,89,90,91,96,79,2,54,60,82,109,115,118,53,58,104,55,101,75,56,64,66,67,68,69,70,71,84,103,114,120,80,92,99,93,94,95,97,106,121)  
  AND ps10.specification in ('Meisje')  
  and products_options_values_name in ( 62,"3M/60cm","56-62","0-4 mnd","3m","0-3m","3-6m","3M","62/68","0-6m","50-62" , 68,"6M/67cm","9M/70cm","4-8 mnd","6m","3-6m","6M","62/68","0-6m" , 74,"4-8 mnd","8-12 mnd","6m","9m","6-9m","6M","9M","74/80","6-12m" );

输出是：

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| count1 | count2 | count3 | count4 | count5 | count6 | count7 |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|      1 |    289 |    193 |     49 |    192 |    240 |      0 |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

解释mysql输出：

+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+---------+---------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys                             | key                                 | key_len | ref                                   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+---------+---------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | p     | index | PRIMARY,products_id                       | products_id                         | 5       | NULL                                  | 4539 | Using where; Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | p2c   | ref   | PRIMARY                                   | PRIMARY                             | 4       | kikleding.p.products_id               |    1 | Using where; Using index |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | ps15  | ref   | products_id                               | products_id                         | 12      | kikleding.p2c.products_id,const,const |    1 | Using where              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | ps10  | ref   | products_id                               | products_id                         | 12      | kikleding.p.products_id,const,const   |    1 | Using where              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | pa    | ref   | idx_products_attributes_products_id       | idx_products_attributes_products_id | 4       | kikleding.p.products_id               |    6 |                          |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | pv    | ref   | PRIMARY                                   | PRIMARY                             | 4       | kikleding.pa.options_values_id        |    2 | Using where              |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | ps    | ref   | idx_products_stock_attributes,products_id | idx_products_stock_attributes       | 4       | kikleding.ps15.products_id            |    6 | Using where              |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+---------+---------------------------------------+------+--------------------------+

我试图索引大多数表，ref 仍然在解释的第一行给出 NULL。

它现在输出 7 列，有时我需要输出 50 列。

有什么建议吗？

4

1 回答 1

3

ref = NULL仅表示p表中的行（即product）不与其他行连接。这些行是您的查询中首先选择的行，其他表中的行将再次连接它们。我总是希望第一行EXPLAIN显示ref = NULL.

基本上，您的执行计划说：

  1. products从匹配WHERE条件中提取行
  2. 然后从字段products_to_categories上的 (1) 中提取与行匹配的行products.products_id
  3. 依此类推所有表

建议的附加索引：

  • 表（列）
  • 产品（product_id，products_status）
  • products_specifications（products_id，规范，language_id，specifications_id）
  • products_to_categories(products_id, categories_id)

第一个应该会有所帮助，我不会对其他两个期望太多。

我认为问题出在您的许多COUNT(IF()). 这是骇人听闻的，并且引擎并未真正针对此类查询进行优化。相反，您必须旨在返回这样的结果集：

+---------------+--------+
| 规格 | 计数 |
+---------------+--------+
| 四季 | 1 |
+---------------+--------+
| 冬季 | 289 |
+---------------+--------+
| ... | ... |
+---------------+--------+

您的查询将如下所示：

SELECT
    specification,
    COUNT(*)
FROM products
JOIN ... -- your current JOIN list
GROUP BY specification -- this is the important bit

...并且应该几乎是即时的，即使没有额外的索引（或者可能是 on products_specifications(products_id, specification)）

于 2013-10-18T12:55:41.423 回答