我必须恢复大约 60 个不同大小的 SQL 数据库。我用谷歌搜索找到一个脚本来恢复所有数据库，只是从我的文件夹中一个接一个地挑选它。我没有那么成功，可能是因为我对 SQL 等很陌生。
它可以在 powershell 或 sql 命令行中完成，我现在发现是这样的：
RESTORE DATABASE [db1] FROM DISK = N'C:\folder\db1.bak' WITH FILE = 1, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10
GO
RESTORE DATABASE [db2] FROM DISK = N'C:\folder\db2.bak' WITH FILE = 1, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10
GO
所以我要做的是从某个文件夹中获取文件名，并用我刚刚从文件夹中选择的名称替换“db1.bak”等，然后运行脚本。
我知道必须有一种更聪明的方法，或者是否可以将许多 .bak 文件“加载”到 SSMS 中，以便程序将它们一个接一个地运行？
带有一些改编的 Collet 脚本对我有用。
首先通过运行以下 SQL 命令启用 xp_cmdshell：
-- To allow advanced options to be changed.
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
GO
-- To update the currently configured value for advanced options.
RECONFIGURE;
GO
-- To enable the feature.
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;
GO
-- To update the currently configured value for this feature.
RECONFIGURE;
GO
接下来，更新下面的脚本以从备份文件中恢复数据库。替换C:\Backup\为包含 .BAK 文件的本地目录，并替换C:\Microsoft SQL Server\SQLINSTANCE\MSSQL\DATA\为 SQL Server 数据目录。此脚本还假定 .BAK 文件名与数据库名称匹配，否则该脚本可能会抛出有关逻辑文件名不匹配的错误。
DECLARE @FilesCmdshell TABLE (
outputCmd NVARCHAR (255)
)
DECLARE @FilesCmdshellCursor CURSOR
DECLARE @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd AS NVARCHAR(255)
INSERT INTO @FilesCmdshell (outputCmd) EXEC master.sys.xp_cmdshell 'dir /B C:\Backup\*.bak'
SET @FilesCmdshellCursor = CURSOR FOR SELECT outputCmd FROM @FilesCmdshell
OPEN @FilesCmdshellCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM @FilesCmdshellCursor INTO @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
DECLARE @sqlRestore NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'RESTORE DATABASE [' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + '] FROM DISK = N''C:\Backup\' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + '.bak'' WITH FILE = 1, MOVE N''' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + ''' TO N''C:\Microsoft SQL Server\SQLINSTANCE\MSSQL\DATA\' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + '.mdf'', MOVE N''' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + '_log'' TO N''C:\Microsoft SQL Server\SQLINSTANCE\MSSQL\DATA\' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + '_log.ldf'', NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10'
EXEC(@sqlRestore)
FETCH NEXT FROM @FilesCmdshellCursor INTO @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd
END
如果您的文件名与您的数据库名称匹配，您可以执行以下操作：
DECLARE @FilesCmdshell TABLE (
outputCmd NVARCHAR (255)
)
DECLARE @FilesCmdshellCursor CURSOR
DECLARE @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd AS NVARCHAR(255)
INSERT INTO @FilesCmdshell (outputCmd) EXEC master.sys.xp_cmdshell 'dir /B C:\folder\*.bak'
SET @FilesCmdshellCursor = CURSOR FOR SELECT outputCmd FROM @FilesCmdshell
OPEN @FilesCmdshellCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM @FilesCmdshellCursor INTO @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
DECLARE @cmd NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'RESTORE DATABASE [' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + '] FROM DISK = N''C:\folder\' + SUBSTRING(@FilesCmdshellOutputCmd, 0, CHARINDEX('.', @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd)) + '.bak'' WITH FILE = 1, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10'
EXEC(@cmd)
FETCH NEXT FROM @FilesCmdshellCursor INTO @FilesCmdshellOutputCmd
END
我有同样的要求并改编了这里找到的脚本，最初由 Chris Gallelli 在 2003 年编写。
此版本已在 SQL 2014 上测试。
这是对完成所有工作的存储过程的示例调用：
EXEC master.dbo.spRestore_All_Backups_From_Folder 'C:\To Restore\'
该路径显然需要是您正在使用的服务器上的路径，而不是您可能正在运行 SSMS 的您自己的 PC。
这是存储过程的代码。
--Adapted from: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic401619-31-1.aspx
USE [master]
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO
/***************************************************************************************/
-- Purpose:
-- Restore one or many database backups from a single directory. This script reads all
-- database backups that are found in the @restoreFromDir parameter.
-- Any file that matches the form %_FULL_% will be restored to
-- the file locations specified in the RestoreTo... parameter(s).
-- The restored database name is determined from the headers in the backup file, so will
-- match the originally backed up database.
-- We only prcoess FULL backups and ignore DIFF's or TRN's.
--
-- Input Parameters: See below
-- Output Parameters: None
-- Return Values: None
--
-- Written By: Chris Gallelli -- 8/22/03
-- Modified By:
-- Modifications: Bruce Canaday -- 10/20/2003
-- Added optional parameters @MatchFileList and @DBName
-- Bruce Canaday -- 10/24/2003
-- Get the db name as the characters LEFT of the right most '_FULL_' in the bak filenaame
-- This is to handle databases such as ALIS_DB
-- Bruce Canaday -- 10/28/2003
-- When using @MatchFileList = 'Y' attempt to create any directory that doesn't exist
-- Bruce Canaday -- 11/04/2003
-- Allow spaces in the @restoreFromDir directory name
-- paul Wegmann -- 07/11/2012
-- Chnaged the create table to allow more feilds to support SQL Server 2008r2 and SQl Server 2012
-- create table @filelist (LogicalName varchar(255), PhysicalName varchar(255), Type varchar(20), FileGroupName varchar(255), Size varchar(20), MaxSize varchar(20),
-- FileId int,CreateLSN bit, DropLSN bit, UniqueID varchar(255),ReadOnlyLSn bit, ReadWriteLSN bit, backupSizeInBytes varchar(50), SourceBlockSize int,
-- FileGroupid Int, LogGroupGUID varchar(255),DifferentialBaseLSN varchar(255),DifferentialBaseGUID varchar(255),isReadOnly bit, IsPresent bit,TDEThumbprint varchar(255) )
-- Paul Wegmann -- 07/11/2012 changed from stored proc to set declare
-- Nitin Varshney - 07/01/2017 1. changes for picking db name from backup file,
-- 2. Added secondary File Location
-- 3. With Recovery or without recovery option
-- 4. All bak file will be select from the folder
-- 5. Print all restore command.
--
-- 2018-01-04 Mike Zandvliet Renamed to spRestore_All_Backups_From_Folder. Tidied up code. Many minor improvements.
-- Now handles *.dat as well as .bak.
-- Updated for SQL 2014. No longer supports any SQL <2012.
-- Removed set/declare code added by Paul Wegmann for better clarity.
-- Now uses default data and log directories if none are supplied.
-- Added parameter @bitReplace_Existing_DB, allows you to overwrite existing db's.
--
-- Examples Calls:
-- EXEC dbo.spRestore_All_Backups_From_Folder 'G:\SQLBACKUP_File'
--
-- EXEC dbo.spRestore_All_Backups_From_Folder 'C:\sqldb\sql_backup', 'C:\sqldb\sql_data', 'C:\sqldb\sql_log' (if you use declare/set option then you don't have to use this command to restore)
--
/***************************************************************************************/
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[spRestore_All_Backups_From_Folder]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC'))
DROP PROCEDURE [dbo].[spRestore_All_Backups_From_Folder]
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.spRestore_All_Backups_From_Folder
@restoreFromDir varchar(255), --The directory where the database backups are located. Do not include a trailing slash.
@restoreToDataDir nvarchar(512)= null, --The directory where the data files (i.e. MDF) will be restored to. Leave blank to use the default database folder.
@restoreToLogDir nvarchar(512) = null, --The directory where the log files (i.e. LDF) will be restored to. Leave blank to use the default log folder.
@restoreToSecondaryDataDir nvarchar(512) = null, --Allows NDF files to be placed in a different location. Leave blank to use @restoreToDataDir instead.
@recovery int = 1, --Set to 1 to use the option WITH RECOVERY, or 0 for WITH NORECOVERY
@MatchFileList char(1) = 'N', --Set to 'Y' to restore to the same directory structure that is contained in the backup, creating the folders if necessary, and ignoring the @restoreToDataDir / @restoreToLogDir values.
--Also allows for secondary data files 'ndf' to to be in a different dir than mdf files
@OneDBName varchar(255) = null, --Filters the list of .BAKs to just this single name. Takes the latest .BAK/.DAT file with this name.
@bitReplace_Existing_DB bit = 0 --Set to 1 to overwrite existing databases.
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE
@filename varchar(255),
@cmd varchar(8000),
@cmd2 varchar(500),
@cmd3 varchar(255),
@DataName varchar (255),
@LogName varchar (255),
@LogicalName varchar(255),
@PhysicalName varchar(255),
@Type varchar(20),
@FileGroupName varchar(255),
@Size varchar(20),
@MaxSize varchar(20),
@restoreToDir varchar(255),
@searchName varchar(255),
@dbName varchar(255),
@PhysicalFileName varchar(255)
DECLARE @dirList TABLE (filename varchar(100))
DECLARE @filelist TABLE
(
LogicalName varchar(255),
PhysicalName varchar(255),
Type varchar(20),
FileGroupName varchar(255),
Size varchar(20),
MaxSize varchar(20),
FileId int,
CreateLSN bit,
DropLSN bit,
UniqueID varchar(255),
ReadOnlyLSn bit,
ReadWriteLSN bit,
backupSizeInBytes varchar(50),
SourceBlockSize int,
FileGroupid Int,
LogGroupGUID varchar(255),
DifferentialBaseLSN varchar(255),
DifferentialBaseGUID varchar(255),
isReadOnly bit,
IsPresent bit,
TDEThumbprint varchar(255)
)
DECLARE @Dbnameheaders TABLE
(
BackupName varchar(256),
BackupDescription varchar(256),
BackupType varchar(256),
ExpirationDate varchar(256),
Compressed varchar(256),
Position varchar(256),
DeviceType varchar(256),
UserName varchar(256),
ServerName varchar(256),
DatabaseName varchar(256),
DatabaseVersion varchar(256),
DatabaseCreationDate varchar(256),
BackupSize varchar(256),
FirstLSN varchar(256),
LastLSN varchar(256),
CheckpointLSN varchar(256),
DatabaseBackupLSN varchar(256),
BackupStartDate varchar(256),
BackupFinishDate varchar(256),
SortOrder varchar(256),
CodePage varchar(256),
UnicodeLocaleId varchar(256),
UnicodeComparisonStyle varchar(256),
CompatibilityLevel varchar(256),
SoftwareVendorId varchar(256),
SoftwareVersionMajor varchar(256),
SoftwareVersionMinor varchar(256),
SoftwareVersionBuild varchar(256),
MachineName varchar(256),
Flags varchar(256),
BindingID varchar(256),
RecoveryForkID varchar(256),
Collation varchar(256),
FamilyGUID varchar(256),
HasBulkLoggedData varchar(256),
IsSnapshot varchar(256),
IsReadOnly varchar(256),
IsSingleUser varchar(256),
HasBackupChecksums varchar(256),
IsDamaged varchar(256),
BeginsLogChain varchar(256),
HasIncompleteMetaData varchar(256),
IsForceOffline varchar(256),
IsCopyOnly varchar(256),
FirstRecoveryForkID varchar(256),
ForkPointLSN varchar(256),
RecoveryModel varchar(256),
DifferentialBaseLSN varchar(256),
DifferentialBaseGUID varchar(256),
BackupTypeDescription varchar(256),
BackupSetGUID varchar(256),
CompressedBackupSize varchar(256),
Containment varchar(256),
KeyAlgorithm nvarchar(32),
EncryptorThumbprint varbinary(20),
EncryptorType nvarchar(32)
);
--Process parameters
IF RIGHT(@restoreFromDir,1) = '\'
SET @restoreFromDir = LEFT(@restoreFromDir, LEN(@restoreFromDir)-1)
IF ISNULL(@restoreToDataDir,'') = ''
SET @restoreToDataDir = CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultDataPath') AS nvarchar(512))
--EXEC master.dbo.xp_instance_regread N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'DefaultData', @restoreToDataDir output
IF ISNULL(@restoreToLogDir,'') = ''
SET @restoreToLogDir = CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceDefaultLogPath') AS nvarchar(512))
--EXEC master.dbo.xp_instance_regread N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer', N'DefaultLog', @restoreToLogDir output
IF ISNULL(@restoreToSecondaryDataDir, '') = ''
SET @restoreToSecondaryDataDir = @restoreToDataDir
--SELECT @restoreToDataDir, @restoreToLogDir, @restoreToSecondaryDataDir
--Get the list of database backups that are in the restoreFromDir directory. We only go with FULL backups and ignore DIFF's or TRN's.
IF @OneDBName IS NULL
SELECT @cmd = 'dir /b /on "' + @restoreFromDir + '\*_FULL_*.*"'
ELSE
SELECT @cmd = 'dir /b /o-d /o-g "' + @restoreFromDir + '\*_FULL_*.*"'
--select @cmd,'AllFiles' -- Give All Files in Backup Folder
INSERT @dirList EXEC master..xp_cmdshell @cmd
--select * from @dirList where filename like '%_FULL_%' --order by filename -- List all the files in backup folder
SELECT * FROM @dirList WHERE filename like '%.bak' OR filename LIKE '%.dat' ORDER BY filename -- List all the files in backup folder
IF @OneDBName IS NULL
BEGIN
DECLARE BakFile_csr cursor for
SELECT * FROM @dirList where filename like '%.bak' or filename like '%.dat' order by filename
END
ELSE
BEGIN -- single db, don't order by filename, take default latest date /o-d parm in dir command above
SELECT @searchName = @OneDBName + '_FULL_%'
DECLARE BakFile_csr cursor for
SELECT top 1 * FROM @dirList WHERE filename LIKE @searchName
END
OPEN BakFile_csr
FETCH BakFile_csr INTO @filename
WHILE @@fetch_status = 0
BEGIN
SELECT @cmd = "RESTORE FILELISTONLY FROM disk = '" + @restoreFromDir + "\" + @filename + "'"
INSERT @filelist EXEC ( @cmd )
--identify the db name from backup file
SELECT @cmd3 = "RESTORE HEADERONLY FROM disk = '" + @restoreFromDir + "\" + @filename + "'"
INSERT @Dbnameheaders EXEC (@cmd3)
SELECT @dbName = DatabaseName FROM @Dbnameheaders
--identify the db name from backup file [END Here]
IF @OneDBName is null
SELECT @dbName = @dbName --left(@filename,datalength(@filename) - patindex('%_FULL_%',reverse(@filename))-3)
ELSE
SELECT @dbName = @OneDBName
SELECT @cmd = "RESTORE DATABASE [" + @dbName + "] FROM DISK = '" + @restoreFromDir + "\" + @filename + "' WITH "
--Example: RESTORE DATABASE [HCPPREPROD] FROM DISK = 'C:\To Restore\HCPPREPROD_FULL_20180103.dat' WITH
PRINT 'RESTORING DATABASE ' + @dbName
--Select * from @filelist ---List of files in backupfile all mdf,ndf,ldf
DECLARE DataFileCursor cursor for
SELECT LogicalName, PhysicalName, Type, FileGroupName, Size, MaxSize
FROM @filelist
OPEN DataFileCursor
FETCH DataFileCursor INTO @LogicalName, @PhysicalName, @Type, @FileGroupName, @Size, @MaxSize
WHILE @@fetch_status = 0
BEGIN
IF @MatchFileList != 'Y'
BEGIN -- RESTORE with MOVE option
SELECT @PhysicalFileName = REVERSE(SUBSTRING(REVERSE(RTRIM(@PhysicalName)),1,patindex('%\%',reverse(rtrim(@PhysicalName)))-1 ))
IF @Type = 'L'
SELECT @restoreToDir = @restoreToLogDir
ELSE IF @PhysicalFileName LIKE '%.ndf'
SELECT @restoreToDir = @restoreToSecondaryDataDir
ELSE
SELECT @restoreToDir = @restoreToDataDir
IF RIGHT(@restoreToDir, 1) = '\'
SET @restoreToDir = LEFT(@restoreToDir, LEN(@restoreToDir)-1)
--SELECT @LogicalName, @restoreToDir, @PhysicalFileName
SELECT @cmd = @cmd + " MOVE '" + @LogicalName + "' TO '" + @restoreToDir + "\" + @PhysicalFileName + "', "
END
ELSE
BEGIN -- Match the file list, attempt to create any missing directory
SELECT @restoreToDir = left(@PhysicalName,datalength(@PhysicalName) - patindex('%\%',reverse(@PhysicalName)) )
SELECT @cmd2 = "if not exist " +@restoreToDir+ " md " +@restoreToDir
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell @cmd2
END
FETCH DataFileCursor INTO @LogicalName, @PhysicalName, @Type, @FileGroupName, @Size, @MaxSize
END -- DataFileCursor loop
CLOSE DataFileCursor
DEALLOCATE DataFileCursor
IF @recovery = 0
SELECT @cmd = @cmd + ' NORECOVERY, STATS = 5'
ELSE
SELECT @cmd = @cmd + ' RECOVERY, STATS = 5'
IF @bitReplace_Existing_DB = 1
SELECT @cmd = @cmd + ', REPLACE'
SELECT @cmd 'x6'
IF @bitReplace_Existing_DB = 0 AND DB_ID(@dbName) IS NOT NULL
PRINT 'Database already exists - skipping... ' + @dbName
ELSE
EXEC (@cmd)
DELETE FROM @filelist
DELETE FROM @Dbnameheaders
FETCH BakFile_csr INTO @filename
END -- BakFile_csr loop
CLOSE BakFile_csr
DEALLOCATE BakFile_csr
RETURN
GO
您需要启用 CMDSHELL 才能执行 SP。此脚本检查您是否需要更改任何内容：
USE [master]
GO
IF (SELECT CONVERT(INT, ISNULL(value, value_in_use)) AS config_value FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'xp_cmdshell') = 0
PRINT 'You need to enable CMDSHELL'
ELSE
PRINT 'CMDSHELL is already enabled, you can now run the SP.'
以下是启用 CMDSHELL 的方法：
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
以下 Powershell 脚本最适合我。
$backupRoot = Get-ChildItem -Path "D:\BAK_FILE_FOLDER"
$datafilesDest = "D:\DATA_FILE_FOLDER"
$logfilesDest = "D:\LOG_FILE_FOLDER"
$server = "server\inst"
## For each folder in the backup root directory...
#
foreach($folder in $backupRoot)
{
# Get the most recent .bak files for all databases...
$backupFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $folder.FullName -Filter "*.bak" -Recurse | Sort-Object -Property CreationTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
# For each .bak file...
foreach ($backupFile in $backupFiles)
{
# Restore the header to get the database name...
$query = "RESTORE HEADERONLY FROM DISK = N'"+$backupFile.FullName+"'"
$headerInfo = Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Query $query
$databaseName = $headerInfo.DatabaseName
# Restore the file list to get the logical filenames of the database files...
$query = "RESTORE FILELISTONLY FROM DISK = N'"+$backupFile.FullName+"'"
$files = Invoke-Sqlcmd -ServerInstance $server -Query $query
# Differentiate data files from log files...
$dataFile = $files | Where-Object -Property Type -EQ "D"
$logFile = $files | Where-Object -Property Type -EQ "L"
# Set some variables...
$dataFileName = $dataFile.LogicalName
$logFileName = $logFile.LogicalName
# Set the destination of the restored files...
$dataFileFullPath = $datafilesDest+"\"+$dataFileName+".mdf"
$logFileFullPath = $logfilesDest+"\"+$logFileName+".ldf"
# Create some "Relocate" file objects to pass to the Restore-SqlDatabase cmdlet...
$RelocateData = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile, Microsoft.SqlServer.SmoExtended, Version=12.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91' -ArgumentList $dataFileName, $dataFileFullPath
$RelocateLog = New-Object 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.RelocateFile, Microsoft.SqlServer.SmoExtended, Version=12.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89845dcd8080cc91' -ArgumentList $logFileName, $logFileFullPath
# Perform the database restore... and then go around the loop.
Restore-SqlDatabase -ServerInstance $server -Database $databaseName -BackupFile $backupFile.FullName -RelocateFile @($RelocateData,$RelocateLog) -ReplaceDatabase
}
}
在最近的 SQL 版本中，有一个新的列“SnapshotUrl”，所以需要做一些小的修改：
DECLARE @filelist TABLE
(
LogicalName varchar(255),
PhysicalName varchar(255),
Type varchar(20),
FileGroupName varchar(255),
Size varchar(20),
MaxSize varchar(20),
FileId int,
CreateLSN bit,
DropLSN bit,
UniqueID varchar(255),
ReadOnlyLSn bit,
ReadWriteLSN bit,
backupSizeInBytes varchar(50),
SourceBlockSize int,
FileGroupid Int,
LogGroupGUID varchar(255),
DifferentialBaseLSN varchar(255),
DifferentialBaseGUID varchar(255),
isReadOnly bit,
IsPresent bit,
TDEThumbprint varchar(255),
SnapshotUrl varchar(255)
)