我正在学习 struts 2，我正在尝试制作一个关于瓷砖插件的演示。我得到了上述异常。我在org.apache.tiles.TilesException: Attribute 'header' not found in struts2 中找到了相同的主题，但它没有帮助。这是我的代码：
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>Struts 2 Basic 2</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.DEFINITIONS_CONFIG</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/tiles.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.apache.struts2.tiles.StrutsTilesListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>baselayout.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<result-types>
<result-type name="tiles" class="org.apache.struts2.views.tiles.TilesResult"/>
</result-types>
<global-results>
<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
</global-results>
<global-exception-mappings>
<exception-mapping exception="java.lang.Exception" result="error"/>
</global-exception-mappings>
</package>
<!-- Add packages here -->
</struts>
瓷砖.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.0//EN" "unknown.dtd">
<tiles-definitions>
<definition name="baseLayout" template="/baselayout.jsp">
<put-attribute name="title" value="" />
<put-attribute name="header" value="/header.jsp"/>
<put-attribute name="left" value="/leftmenu.jsp" />
<put-attribute name="footer" value="/footer.jsp" />
</definition>
<definition name="validateView" extends="baseLayout">
<put-attribute name="right" value="/validatedemo.jsp" />
<put-attribute name="title" value="Validate Demo" />
</definition>
<definition name="interceptorView" extends="baseLayout">
<put-attribute name="right" value="/interceptordemo.jsp" />
<put-attribute name="title" value="Interceptor Demo" />
</definition>
<definition name="valuestackView" extends="baseLayout">
<put-attribute name="right" value="/valuestackdemo.jsp" />
<put-attribute name="title" value="ValueStack Demo" />
</definition>
</tiles-definitions>
基本布局.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title><tiles:insertAttribute name="title" ignore="true" /></title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" align="center">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" height="30"><tiles:insertAttribute name="header" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="30%"><tiles:insertAttribute name="left" /></td>
<td width="70%"><tiles:insertAttribute name="right" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" height="30"><tiles:insertAttribute name="footer" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
例外
INFO: Server startup in 1833 ms
Oct 16, 2013 12:21:21 AM org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache tldScanJar
INFO: At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
Oct 16, 2013 12:21:22 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [jsp] in context with path [/Struts2Basic2] threw exception [javax.servlet.ServletException: javax.servlet.jsp.JspException: Error executing tag: Attribute 'header' not found.] with root cause
org.apache.tiles.TilesException: Attribute 'header' not found.
at org.apache.tiles.jsp.taglib.InsertAttributeTag.render(InsertAttributeTag.java:112)
at org.apache.tiles.jsp.taglib.RenderTagSupport.execute(RenderTagSupport.java:154)
at org.apache.tiles.jsp.taglib.RoleSecurityTagSupport.doEndTag(RoleSecurityTagSupport.java:75)
at org.apache.tiles.jsp.taglib.ContainerTagSupport.doEndTag(ContainerTagSupport.java:80)
at org.apache.jsp.baselayout_jsp._jspx_meth_tiles_005finsertAttribute_005f1(baselayout_jsp.java:152)
at org.apache.jsp.baselayout_jsp._jspService(baselayout_jsp.java:84)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:728)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:432)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:390)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:334)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:728)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:305)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:210)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:243)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:210)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:222)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:99)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:953)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:118)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1023)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:589)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:310)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
还有项目（我从空白战争中创建了项目，所以有很多罐子）
PS：我使用最新的 struts 2，jar 是 struts 2 包附带的。