我对如何通过 java 向 web 服务发出请求有点困惑。
目前我唯一了解的是 webservices 使用 xml 结构化消息，但我仍然不太了解如何构造我的请求。
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Body>
<getProductDetails xmlns="http://magazzino.example.com/ws">
<productId>827635</productId>
</getProductDetails>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
基本上我必须向 Web 服务发送 2 个参数，作为回报，我期望有另外两个参数。
我想有一些罐子可以完成大部分工作，但我没有在网上找到任何罐子。有人可以解释一下基础吗？
SOAP 请求是一个 XML 文件，其中包含您要发送到服务器的参数。
SOAP 响应同样是一个 XML 文件，但现在包含了服务想要提供给您的所有内容。
基本上，WSDL 是一个 XML 文件，用于解释这两个 XML 的结构。
要在 Java 中实现简单的 SOAP 客户端，您可以使用 SAAJ 框架（它随 JSE 1.6 及更高版本提供）：
SOAP with Attachments API for Java (SAAJ)主要用于直接处理在任何 Web 服务 API 中发生在幕后的 SOAP 请求/响应消息。它允许开发人员直接发送和接收肥皂消息，而不是使用 JAX-WS。
请参阅下面使用 SAAJ 的 SOAP Web 服务调用的工作示例（运行它！）。它调用这个网络服务。
import javax.xml.soap.*;
public class SOAPClientSAAJ {
// SAAJ - SOAP Client Testing
public static void main(String args[]) {
/*
The example below requests from the Web Service at:
http://www.webservicex.net/uszip.asmx?op=GetInfoByCity
To call other WS, change the parameters below, which are:
- the SOAP Endpoint URL (that is, where the service is responding from)
- the SOAP Action
Also change the contents of the method createSoapEnvelope() in this class. It constructs
the inner part of the SOAP envelope that is actually sent.
*/
String soapEndpointUrl = "http://www.webservicex.net/uszip.asmx";
String soapAction = "http://www.webserviceX.NET/GetInfoByCity";
callSoapWebService(soapEndpointUrl, soapAction);
}
private static void createSoapEnvelope(SOAPMessage soapMessage) throws SOAPException {
SOAPPart soapPart = soapMessage.getSOAPPart();
String myNamespace = "myNamespace";
String myNamespaceURI = "http://www.webserviceX.NET";
// SOAP Envelope
SOAPEnvelope envelope = soapPart.getEnvelope();
envelope.addNamespaceDeclaration(myNamespace, myNamespaceURI);
/*
Constructed SOAP Request Message:
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:myNamespace="http://www.webserviceX.NET">
<SOAP-ENV:Header/>
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<myNamespace:GetInfoByCity>
<myNamespace:USCity>New York</myNamespace:USCity>
</myNamespace:GetInfoByCity>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
*/
// SOAP Body
SOAPBody soapBody = envelope.getBody();
SOAPElement soapBodyElem = soapBody.addChildElement("GetInfoByCity", myNamespace);
SOAPElement soapBodyElem1 = soapBodyElem.addChildElement("USCity", myNamespace);
soapBodyElem1.addTextNode("New York");
}
private static void callSoapWebService(String soapEndpointUrl, String soapAction) {
try {
// Create SOAP Connection
SOAPConnectionFactory soapConnectionFactory = SOAPConnectionFactory.newInstance();
SOAPConnection soapConnection = soapConnectionFactory.createConnection();
// Send SOAP Message to SOAP Server
SOAPMessage soapResponse = soapConnection.call(createSOAPRequest(soapAction), soapEndpointUrl);
// Print the SOAP Response
System.out.println("Response SOAP Message:");
soapResponse.writeTo(System.out);
System.out.println();
soapConnection.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("\nError occurred while sending SOAP Request to Server!\nMake sure you have the correct endpoint URL and SOAPAction!\n");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static SOAPMessage createSOAPRequest(String soapAction) throws Exception {
MessageFactory messageFactory = MessageFactory.newInstance();
SOAPMessage soapMessage = messageFactory.createMessage();
createSoapEnvelope(soapMessage);
MimeHeaders headers = soapMessage.getMimeHeaders();
headers.addHeader("SOAPAction", soapAction);
soapMessage.saveChanges();
/* Print the request message, just for debugging purposes */
System.out.println("Request SOAP Message:");
soapMessage.writeTo(System.out);
System.out.println("\n");
return soapMessage;
}
}
当 WSDL 可用时，只需执行两个步骤即可调用该 Web 服务。
WSDL2Java第 1 步：从工具生成客户端源
第 2 步：使用以下命令调用操作：
YourService service = new YourServiceLocator();
Stub stub = service.getYourStub();
stub.operation();
如果进一步观察，您会注意到Stub该类用于调用部署在远程位置的服务作为 Web 服务。调用它时，您的客户端实际上会生成 SOAP 请求并进行通信。同样，Web 服务将响应作为 SOAP 发送。借助 Wireshark 之类的工具，您可以查看交换的 SOAP 消息。
但是，由于您要求对基础知识进行更多解释，因此我建议您参考此处并使用其客户端编写一个 Web 服务以进一步了解它。
我在这里遇到了其他类似的问题。以上两个答案都是完美的，但这里试图为寻找SOAP1.1而不是SOAP1.2的人添加额外信息。
只需更改@acdcjunior 提供的一行代码，使用SOAPMessageFactory1_1Implimplementation，它将命名空间更改为 xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"，即 SOAP1.1 实现。
callSoapWebService将方法第一行更改为以下。
SOAPMessage soapMessage = SOAPMessageFactory1_1Impl.newInstance().createMessage();
我希望它对其他人有帮助。
如果您有 WSDL，您可以使用该 WSDL 文件在 SoapUI 中创建一个新的肥皂请求。
它将自动为输入请求生成结构/XML。
如果您有来自 SoapUI 的输入请求 xml，则可以使用以下 Java 代码的一些简单版本来调用 Soap 服务：
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class SimpleSoapClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
String address="Hyderabad";
/* place your xml request from soap ui below with necessary changes in parameters*/
String xml="<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" xmlns:ws=\"http://www.YourUrlAsPerWsdl.com/\">\r\n" +
" <soapenv:Header/>\r\n" +
" <soapenv:Body>\r\n" +
" <ws:callRest>\r\n" +
" <name>"+"Hello"+"</name>\r\n" +
" <address>"+address+"</address>\r\n" +
" </ws:callRest>\r\n" +
" </soapenv:Body>\r\n" +
"</soapenv:Envelope>";
String responseF=callSoapService(xml);
System.out.println(responseF);
}
}
static String callSoapService(String soapRequest) {
try {
String url = "https://gogle.com/service/hello"; // replace your URL here
URL obj = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();
// change these values as per soapui request on top left of request, click on RAW, you will find all the headers
con.setRequestMethod("POST");
con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8");
con.setDoOutput(true);
DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream());
wr.writeBytes(soapRequest);
wr.flush();
wr.close();
String responseStatus = con.getResponseMessage();
System.out.println(responseStatus);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
con.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
// You can play with response which is available as string now:
String finalvalue= response.toString();
// or you can parse/substring the required tag from response as below based your response code
finalvalue= finalvalue.substring(finalvalue.indexOf("<response>")+10,finalvalue.indexOf("</response>")); */
return finalvalue;
}
catch (Exception e) {
return e.getMessage();
}
}
}