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即使没有 RVO 进化,是否可以使用转换构造函数而不是复制构造函数从函数返回对象(假设编译器不支持任何此类优化)?问题的关键是 C++ std 告诉了什么,有人可以告诉我吗?我得到了 gcc 并编译了下面的代码,在评论中也有几个问题。



    class A
    {
    public:
        A(int) {};
        A(int, int) {};

    private:
        A(const A &) = delete;
        A & operator = (const A &) = delete;
    };

    A foo(void)
    {// All the CEs below are all the same, which is 'using the deleted function 'A::A(const A&)''.
        //return(0); // Not compiled.
        //return(A(0)); // Not compiled. ok since the A isn't be copy-able.
        //return {0};  // Compiled. Is it a bug of the compiler?
        //return({0}); // Not compiled. What happened when returns in '()' implemented?
        //return 0;  // Not compiled. What happened when returns without '()' and '{}' implemented?
        //return ({0, 0}); // Not compiled.
        return {0, 0}; // Compiled. Realy??

    /*
      1. What are the differences in 'return 0', 'return {0}', 'return(0)' and 'return({0})'?
      2. Is it any possible to do conversion from source type object 'which is 'int' in this sample' to returning type of
    the function directly with only ONE constructor call even if the compiler has no any copying eliminating optimization
     but full compatibility with STD? Note that the function 'foo' here has no returning object accepter.
    */
    }

    int main(void)
    {
        foo(); // Note that there is no accepter of 'A' here, it's not discussing purpose at this topic of the post.
    }

    // compiling with the gcc ver. 4.8.1.

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1 回答 1

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是的,如果您使用花括号初始化列表来初始化返回的对象,那么在返回语句中调用转换构造函数是完全有效的。

C++11 标准在 6.6.3 [stmt.return] 中这样说:

表达式的值被隐式转换为它出现的函数的返回类型。return 语句可能涉及临时对象 (12.2) 的构造和复制或移动。[注意:与return语句关联的复制或移动操作可能会被省略或视为右值,以便在选择构造函数时进行重载决策(12.8)。— end note ] 带有花括号初始化列表的 return 语句通过指定初始化列表中的复制列表初始化 (8.5.4) 初始化要从函数返回的对象或引用。[示例:

std::pair<std::string,int> f(const char* p, int x) {
  return {p,x};
}

结束示例]

在其他注释掉的return语句中,您创建一个临时对象,然后需要将其复制到返回的对象,这需要一个可访问的副本 ctor。

于 2013-10-05T16:49:55.290 回答