我正在研究 MySQL 5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.1。
我需要创建一个可以按日期和分数对结果进行排序的查询。
我在stackoverflow(特别是this)上阅读了有关如何优化查询的文档和帖子,但我仍在努力做好。主要发现是,为避免使用临时表,ORDER BY 或 GROUP BY 必须仅包含连接队列中第一个表中的列,这就是为什么使用 STRAIGHT_JOIN 子句和两个稍微不同的查询的原因。
为避免混淆,我将为各种查询配置分配一个编号:
- 使用 STRAIGHT_JOIN 子句按日期排序
- 使用 STRAIGHT_JOIN 子句按分数排序
- 按日期排序,不带 STRAIGHT_JOIN 子句
- 按分数排序,没有 STRAIGHT_JOIN 子句
以下是查询 1,大约需要 2.5 秒才能完成:
SELECT STRAIGHT_JOIN item.id AS id
FROM item
INNER JOIN score ON item.id = score.item_id
LEFT JOIN url ON item.url_id = url.id
LEFT JOIN doc ON url.doc_id = doc.id
INNER JOIN feed ON feed.id = item.feed_id
INNER JOIN user_feed ON feed.id = user_feed.feed_id AND score.user_id = user_feed.user_id
LEFT JOIN star ON item.id = star.item_id AND score.user_id = star.user_id
JOIN unseen ON item.id = unseen.item_id AND score.user_id = unseen.user_id
WHERE score.user_id = 1 AND user_feed.id = 7
ORDER BY zen_time DESC
LIMIT 0, 10
以下是查询 2(第一个连接表是倒置的,排序列不同),只需要大约 0.01 秒即可完成:
SELECT STRAIGHT_JOIN item.id AS id
FROM score
INNER JOIN item ON item.id = score.item_id
LEFT JOIN url ON item.url_id = url.id
LEFT JOIN doc ON url.doc_id = doc.id
INNER JOIN feed ON feed.id = item.feed_id
INNER JOIN user_feed ON feed.id = user_feed.feed_id AND score.user_id = user_feed.user_id
LEFT JOIN star ON item.id = star.item_id AND score.user_id = star.user_id
JOIN unseen ON item.id = unseen.item_id AND score.user_id = unseen.user_id
WHERE score.user_id = 1 AND user_feed.id = 7
ORDER BY score DESC
LIMIT 0, 10
以下是查询的 EXPLAIN 结果。
解释查询1:
解释查询 2:
解释查询 3:
解释查询 4:
查询 1 的探查器结果:
查询 2 的探查器结果:
查询 3 的探查器结果:
查询 4 的探查器结果:
以下是表格定义:
CREATE TABLE `doc` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`md5` char(32) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `Md5_index` (`md5`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `feed` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`url` text NOT NULL,
`title` text,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
FULLTEXT KEY `Title_url_index` (`title`,`url`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `item` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`feed_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`url_id` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`md5` char(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `Md5_index` (`md5`),
KEY `Zen_time_index` (`zen_time`),
KEY `Feed_index` (`feed_id`),
KEY `Url_index` (`url_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`item_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`score` float DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `User_item_index` (`user_id`,`item_id`),
KEY Score_index (`score`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `star` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`item_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `User_item_index` (`user_id`,`item_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `unseen` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`item_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `User_item_index` (`user_id`,`item_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `url` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`doc_id` bigint(20) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY Doc_index (`doc_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `IDX_Email` (`email`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE TABLE `user_feed` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`feed_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `User_feed_index` (`user_id`,`feed_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
以下是查询中涉及的表的行数:
Score: 68657
Item: 197602
Url: 198354
Doc: 186113
Feed: 754
User_feed: 721
Star: 0
Unseen: 150762
我应该采用哪种方法,因为我的程序需要能够以尽可能最快的方式按 zen_time 和 score 排序结果?