java - 如何使用 Selenium java 在浏览器中的两个窗口之间切换

Question

我正在使用 Selenium 自动化。在此，当我单击当前窗口中的链接时，将打开一个新窗口。我只想将控件切换到新窗口。但我不能这样做。实际上，新窗口是自动生成的。也就是说，链接将动态生成。帮帮我的朋友...

Answer 1

要在窗口之间切换，我们有方法。

driver.switchTo().window("window name") 

要获得不同的窗口句柄，我们有方法。

driver.getWindowHandles()

例子：

    File file = new File("G:\\Selenium\\All_Jars\\chromedriver.exe");
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",file.getAbsolutePath() );
    driver = new ChromeDriver();

    //Maximize the window
    driver.manage().window().maximize();

    driver.get("http://www.rediff.com/");

    //Get all window handles
    Set<String> allHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();

    //count the handles Here count is=2
    System.out.println("Count of windows:"+allHandles.size());      

    //Get current handle or default handle
    String currentWindowHandle = allHandles.iterator().next();
    System.out.println("currentWindow Handle"+currentWindowHandle);

    //Remove first/default Handle
    allHandles.remove(allHandles.iterator().next());

    //get the last Window Handle
    String lastHandle = allHandles.iterator().next();
    System.out.println("last window handle"+lastHandle);

    //switch to second/last window, because we know there are only two windows 1-parent window 2-other window(ad window)
driver.switchTo().window(lastHandle);
    System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
    driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")).click();

Answer 2

是的，这是可能的。首先，您需要将引用保存到当前窗口。

String parentWindow= driver.getWindowHandle();

单击链接后，您需要切换到另一个窗口。

List<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();
for(String curWindow : allWindows){
    driver.switchTo().window(curWindow);
}

这是您在新窗口上执行操作的地方，最后关闭它

driver.close();

并切换回父窗口

driver.switchTo().window(parentWindow);

Answer 3

终于找到答案了，我用下面的方法切换到新窗口，

public String switchwindow(String object, String data){
        try {

        String winHandleBefore = driver.getWindowHandle();

        for(String winHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()){
            driver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
        }
        }catch(Exception e){
        return Constants.KEYWORD_FAIL+ "Unable to Switch Window" + e.getMessage();
        }
        return Constants.KEYWORD_PASS;
        }

要移动到父窗口，我使用了以下代码，

 public String switchwindowback(String object, String data){
            try {
                String winHandleBefore = driver.getWindowHandle();
                driver.close(); 
                //Switch back to original browser (first window)
                driver.switchTo().window(winHandleBefore);
                //continue with original browser (first window)
            }catch(Exception e){
            return Constants.KEYWORD_FAIL+ "Unable to Switch to main window" + e.getMessage();
            }
            return Constants.KEYWORD_PASS;
            }

Answer 4

在github 上的 selenium webdriver 项目入门的摘录中，

    /**
     * Waits for a window to appear, then switches to it.
     * @param regex Regex enabled. Url of the window, or title.
     * @return
     */
    public AutomationTest waitForWindow(String regex) {
        Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();

        for (String window : windows) {
            try {
                driver.switchTo().window(window);

                p = Pattern.compile(regex);
                m = p.matcher(driver.getCurrentUrl());

                if (m.find()) {
                    attempts = 0;
                    return switchToWindow(regex);
                }
                else {
                    // try for title
                    m = p.matcher(driver.getTitle());

                    if (m.find()) {
                        attempts = 0;
                        return switchToWindow(regex);
                    }
                }
            } catch(NoSuchWindowException e) {
                if (attempts <= MAX_ATTEMPTS) {
                    attempts++;

                    try {Thread.sleep(1);}catch(Exception x) { x.printStackTrace(); }

                    return waitForWindow(regex);
                } else {
                    fail("Window with url|title: " + regex + " did not appear after " + MAX_ATTEMPTS + " tries. Exiting.");
                }
            }
        }

        // when we reach this point, that means no window exists with that title..
        if (attempts == MAX_ATTEMPTS) {
            fail("Window with title: " + regex + " did not appear after 5 tries. Exiting.");
            return this;
        } else {
            System.out.println("#waitForWindow() : Window doesn't exist yet. [" + regex + "] Trying again. " + attempts + "/" + MAX_ATTEMPTS);
            attempts++;
            return waitForWindow(regex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Switch's to a window that is already in existance.
     * @param regex Regex enabled. Url of the window, or title.
     * @return
     */
    public AutomationTest switchToWindow(String regex) {
        Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();

        for (String window : windows) {
            driver.switchTo().window(window);
            System.out.println(String.format("#switchToWindow() : title=%s ; url=%s",
                    driver.getTitle(),
                    driver.getCurrentUrl()));

            p = Pattern.compile(regex);
            m = p.matcher(driver.getTitle());

            if (m.find()) return this;
            else {
                m = p.matcher(driver.getCurrentUrl());
                if (m.find()) return this;
            }
        }

        fail("Could not switch to window with title / url: " + regex);
        return this;
    }

这些是帮助您入门的 2 个自定义函数。或者您可以从 github 查看该项目，以使您的 selenium 项目设计得更好、更容易。

这些函数可以切换到或等待（如果它不存在）具有特定标题/url 的窗口。

Answer 5

      Set <String> set = driver.getWindowHandles();
      Iterator<String> it = set.iterator();
      String parentWindowId = it.next();
      String childWindowId = it.next();
      System.out.println(set);
      driver.switchTo().window(childWindowId);

Answer 6

    // fetch all windows before clicking on new window link.
    Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
    // Click on link to open new window
    driver.findElement(By.tagName("a")).click();  // link to open new window

    Set<String> updatedWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
    updatedWindowHandles.removeAll(windowHandles);
    for (String window: updatedWindowHandles) {
        driver.switchTo().window(window);
    }

Answer 7

//to get the current/parent window

String parentWindowContact = driver.getWindowHandle();

//to switch to the new window from current/parent window

Set<String> handleswindow =driver.getWindowHandles();

for(String windowHandle : handleswindow)

{

   driver .switch To().window(windowHandle);

}

//to close the new window

driver.close();

//to switch back to the parent window

driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowContact);
          o switch back to the parent window

driver.switchTo().window(parentWindowContact);

Answer 8

这是使用索引和标题切换窗口的最佳方法。您可以添加基类并经常使用它。

public  void switchToWindow(String windowTitle) {
    Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();
    for (String window : windows) {
        driver.switchTo().window(window);
        if (driver.getTitle().contains(windowTitle)) {
            return;
        }
    }
}




  public void switchToWindow(int index) {
    Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();
    int totalWin= windows.size();
    String winTitle = null;
    for(int i=0;i<totalWin;i++) {
        if(i==index) {
        winTitle = windows.toArray()[i].toString();
    }
    }
    driver.switchTo().window(winTitle);
    System.out.println(winTitle);
}