首先要意识到的是,从链表中删除一个元素需要更改一个指针值:指向us的指针。这可以是head
指向第一个列表元素的外部指针,也可以是列表->next
内的一个指针。在这两种情况下,指针都需要更改;它的新值应该成为->next
要删除的节点的指针的值。
为了改变某个对象(从函数内部),我们需要一个指向它的指针。我们需要改变一个指针,所以我们需要一个指向指针的指针。
bool findAndRemove1(node **ptp, char *phrase)
{
node *del;
for( ;*ptp; ptp = &(*ptp)->next) {
if( !strcmp((*ptp)->entry, phrase) ) { break; } //found
}
/* when we get here, ptp either
** 1) points to the pointer that points at the node we want to delete
** 2) or it points to the NULL pointer at the end of the list
** (in the case nothing was found)
*/
if ( !*ptp) return false; // not found
del = *ptp;
*ptp = (*ptp)->next;
free(del);
return true;
}
条件的数量if
甚至可以通过在循环中做脏活来减少到一个,然后从循环中返回,但这有点小技巧:
bool findAndRemove2(node **ptp, char *phrase)
{
for( ;*ptp; ptp = &(*ptp)->next) {
node *del;
if( strcmp((*ptp)->entry, phrase) ) continue; // not the one we want
/* when we get here, ptp MUST
** 1) point to the pointer that points at the node we want to delete
*/
del = *ptp;
*ptp = (*ptp)->next;
free(del);
return true;
}
return false; // not found
}
但是如果列表不是唯一的,我们想删除所有满足条件的节点呢?我们只是稍微改变一下循环逻辑并添加一个计数器:
unsigned searchAndDestroy(node **ptp, char *phrase)
{
unsigned cnt;
for( cnt=0 ;*ptp; ) {
node *del;
if( strcmp((*ptp)->entry, phrase) ) { // not the one we want
ptp = &(*ptp)->next;
continue;
}
/* when we get here, ptp MUST point to the pointer that points at the node we wish to delete
*/
del = *ptp;
*ptp = (*ptp)->next;
free(del);
cnt++;
}
return cnt; // the number of deleted nodes
}
更新:和一个驱动程序来测试它:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
typedef struct list {
struct list *next;
char entry[20];
} node;
void node_add( node **ptp, char *str)
{
node *new;
for ( ; *ptp; ptp = &(*ptp)->next) {
if (strcmp ((*ptp)->entry, str) < 0) continue;
}
new = malloc (sizeof *new);
strcpy(new->entry, str);
new->next = *ptp;
*ptp = new;
}
int main (void)
{
node *root = NULL;
unsigned cnt;
node_add (& root, "aaa" );
node_add (& root, "aaa" );
node_add (& root, "bbb" );
node_add (& root, "ccc" );
node_add (& root, "aaa" );
cnt = seachAndDestroy( &root, "bbb" );
printf("Cnt(bbb) := %u\n", cnt );
cnt = seachAndDestroy( &root, "ccc" );
printf("Cnt(ccc) := %u\n", cnt );
cnt = seachAndDestroy( &root, "aaa" );
printf("Cnt(aaa) := %u\n", cnt );
printf("Root now = %p\n", (void*) root );
return 0;
}
和输出:
plasser@pisbak:~/usenet$ ./a.out
Cnt(bbb) := 1
Cnt(ccc) := 1
Cnt(aaa) := 3
Root now = (nil)