我今天的项目是使用我拥有的基本技能在 R 中编写一个快速关联例程。我必须找到近 400 个变量之间的相关性,每个变量都有近百万个观察值(即大小为 p=1MM 行和 n=400 列的矩阵)。
对于 1MM 行和每个变量 200 个观测值,R 的本机相关函数需要将近 2 分钟。我没有为每列运行 400 次观察,但我猜这需要将近 8 分钟。我有不到 30 秒的时间来完成它。
因此,我想做一些事情。
1 - 用 C 语言编写一个简单的相关函数并将其并行应用到块中(见下文)。
2 - 块 - 将相关矩阵分成三个块(大小为 K*K 的左上正方形、大小为 (pK) (pK) 的右下正方形和大小为 K (pK) 的右上矩形矩阵)。这涵盖了相关矩阵中的所有单元格,corr
因为我只需要上三角形。
3 - 使用降雪通过 .C 调用并行运行 C 函数。
n = 100
p = 10
X = matrix(rnorm(n*p), nrow=n, ncol=p)
corr = matrix(0, nrow=p, ncol=p)
# calculation of column-wise mean and sd to pass to corr function
mu = colMeans(X)
sd = sapply(1:dim(X)[2], function(x) sd(X[,x]))
# setting up submatrix row and column ranges
K = as.integer(p/2)
RowRange = list()
ColRange = list()
RowRange[[1]] = c(0, K)
ColRange[[1]] = c(0, K)
RowRange[[2]] = c(0, K)
ColRange[[2]] = c(K, p+1)
RowRange[[3]] = c(K, p+1)
ColRange[[3]] = c(K, p+1)
# METHOD 1. NOT PARALLEL
########################
# function to calculate correlation on submatrices
BigCorr <- function(x){
Rows = RowRange[[x]]
Cols = ColRange[[x]]
return(.C("rCorrelationWrapper2", as.matrix(X), as.integer(dim(X)),
as.double(mu), as.double(sd),
as.integer(Rows), as.integer(Cols),
as.matrix(corr)))
}
res = list()
for(i in 1:3){
res[[i]] = BigCorr(i)
}
# METHOD 2
########################
BigCorr <- function(x){
Rows = RowRange[[x]]
Cols = ColRange[[x]]
dyn.load("./rCorrelation.so")
return(.C("rCorrelationWrapper2", as.matrix(X), as.integer(dim(X)),
as.double(mu), as.double(sd),
as.integer(Rows), as.integer(Cols),
as.matrix(corr)))
}
# parallelization setup
NUM_CPU = 4
library('snowfall')
sfSetMaxCPUs() # maximum cpu processing
sfInit(parallel=TRUE,cpus=NUM_CPU) # init parallel procs
sfExport("X", "RowRange", "ColRange", "sd", "mu", "corr")
res = sfLapply(1:3, BigCorr)
sfStop()
这是我的问题:
对于方法 1,它有效,但不是我想要的方式。我相信,当我传递 corr 矩阵时,我传递了一个地址,而 C 将在源代码处进行更改。
# Output of METHOD 1
> res[[1]][[7]]
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[1,] 1 0.1040506 -0.01003125 0.23716384 -0.088246793 0 0 0 0 0
[2,] 0 1.0000000 -0.09795989 0.11274508 0.025754150 0 0 0 0 0
[3,] 0 0.0000000 1.00000000 0.09221441 0.052923520 0 0 0 0 0
[4,] 0 0.0000000 0.00000000 1.00000000 -0.000449975 0 0 0 0 0
[5,] 0 0.0000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 1.000000000 0 0 0 0 0
[6,] 0 0.0000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0 0 0 0 0
[7,] 0 0.0000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0 0 0 0 0
[8,] 0 0.0000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0 0 0 0 0
[9,] 0 0.0000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0 0 0 0 0
[10,] 0 0.0000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.000000000 0 0 0 0 0
> res[[2]][[7]]
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[1,] 0 0 0 0 0 -0.02261175 -0.23398448 -0.02382690 -0.1447913 -0.09668318
[2,] 0 0 0 0 0 -0.03439707 0.04580888 0.13229376 0.1354754 -0.03376527
[3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0.10360907 -0.05490361 -0.01237932 -0.1657041 0.08123683
[4,] 0 0 0 0 0 0.18259522 -0.23849323 -0.15928474 0.1648969 -0.05005328
[5,] 0 0 0 0 0 -0.01012952 -0.03482429 0.14680301 -0.1112500 0.02801333
[6,] 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
[7,] 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
[8,] 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
[9,] 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
[10,] 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.0000000 0.00000000
> res[[3]][[7]]
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
[2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
[3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
[4,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
[5,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000
[6,] 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.03234195 -0.03488812 -0.18570151 0.14064640
[7,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.00000000 0.03449697 -0.06765511 -0.15057244
[8,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 1.00000000 -0.03426464 0.10030619
[9,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 1.00000000 -0.08720512
[10,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 1.00000000
但原始corr
矩阵保持不变:
> corr
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[1,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[2,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[3,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[4,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[5,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[6,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[7,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[8,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[9,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[10,] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
问题 #1:有什么方法可以确保 C 函数更改corr
源代码的值?我仍然可以合并这三个来创建一个上三角相关矩阵,但我想知道是否可以在源头上进行更改。注意:这并不能帮助我实现快速关联,因为我只是在运行一个循环。
问题 #2:对于方法 2,我如何在初始化步骤将共享对象加载到每个内核以在每个内核上进行并行作业(而不是我是如何完成的)?
问题#3:这个错误是什么意思?我需要一些指示,我很想自己调试它。
问题#4:有没有一种快速的方法可以在不到 30 秒的时间内计算 1MM x 400 矩阵的相关性?
当我运行方法 2 时,我收到以下错误:
R(6107) malloc: *** error for object 0x100664df8: incorrect checksum for freed object - object was probably modified after being freed.
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug
Error in unserialize(node$con) : error reading from connection
下面附上我用于关联的普通香草 C 代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <R.h> // to show errors in R
double calcMean (double *x, int n);
double calcStdev (double *x, double mu, int n);
double calcCov(double *x, double *y, int n, double xmu, double ymu);
void rCorrelationWrapper2 ( double *X, int *dim, double *mu, double *sd, int *RowRange, int *ColRange, double *corr) {
int i, j, n = dim[0], p = dim[1];
int RowStart = RowRange[0], RowEnd = RowRange[1], ColStart = ColRange[0], ColEnd = ColRange[1];
double xyCov;
Rprintf("\n p: %d, %d <= row < %d, %d <= col < %d", p, RowStart, RowEnd, ColStart, ColEnd);
if(RowStart==ColStart && RowEnd==ColEnd){
for(i=RowStart; i<RowEnd; i++){
for(j=i; j<ColEnd; j++){
Rprintf("\n i: %d, j: %d, p: %d", i, j, p);
xyCov = calcCov(X + i*n, X + j*n, n, mu[i], mu[j]);
*(corr + j*p + i) = xyCov/(sd[i]*sd[j]);
}
}
} else {
for(i=RowStart; i<RowEnd; i++){
for (j=ColStart; j<ColEnd; j++){
xyCov = calcCov(X + i*n, X + j*n, n, mu[i], mu[j]);
*(corr + j*p + i) = xyCov/(sd[i]*sd[j]);
}
}
}
}
// function to calculate mean
double calcMean (double *x, int n){
double s = 0;
int i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++){
s = s + *(x+i);
}
return(s/n);
}
// function to calculate standard devation
double calcStdev (double *x, double mu, int n){
double t, sd = 0;
int i;
for (i=0; i<n; i++){
t = *(x + i) - mu;
sd = sd + t*t;
}
return(sqrt(sd/(n-1)));
}
// function to calculate covariance
double calcCov(double *x, double *y, int n, double xmu, double ymu){
double s = 0;
int i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++){
s = s + (*(x+i)-xmu)*(*(y+i)-ymu);
}
return(s/(n-1));
}