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要查看的相关方法有：init、genTexture、onDisplayEvent 和 table_leg_model。

“wood1.png”是一个 64x64 的图像。

代码 ：

import Image

from math import cos
from math import pi
from math import sin
from numpy import array
from numpy import uint8
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from sys import argv

# Classes ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class AppGL(object):
    def __init__(self, title, position=(100, 100), size=(400, 400)):
        # Properties -----------------------------------------------------------
        self.angle_delta = 4.0
        self.position = position
        self.rotateX = [0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
        self.rotateY = [0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
        self.size = size
        self.translate = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]

        self.textures_index = {
            'wood1': 0,
        }
        self.textures = array([0] * len(self.textures_index), uint8)
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        # General initialization
        glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)

        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
        glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)

        glGenTextures(len(self.textures), self.textures)
        self.genTexture('wood1', 'textures/wood1.png')
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        # GLUT initialization --------------------------------------------------
        glutInit(argv)
        glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
        glutInitWindowPosition(*self.position)
        glutInitWindowSize(*self.size)
        glutCreateWindow(title)
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        # Callbacks ------------------------------------------------------------
        glutDisplayFunc(self.onDisplayEvent)
        glutKeyboardFunc(self.onKeyEvent)
        glutMotionFunc(self.onMouseMotionEvent)
        glutMouseFunc(self.onMouseButtonEvent)
        glutReshapeFunc(self.onReshapeEvent)
        glutSpecialFunc(self.onSpecialKeyEvent)
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        # Arrays ---------------------------------------------------------------
        data = []
        #data.extend(table_model(0.4, 40))
        data.extend(table_leg_model())
        #data.extend(table_model(0.2, 40))

        glInterleavedArrays(GL_T2F_V3F, 0, array(data, "f"))
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    def genTexture(self, index, path):
        img = Image.open(path)
        texture_data = array(list(img.getdata()), uint8)

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.textures[self.textures_index[index]])
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT)
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img.size[0], img.size[1], 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture_data)

    def onDisplayEvent(self):
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

        glLoadIdentity()
        gluLookAt(0, 0, 4, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0)

        glTranslatef(*self.translate)
        glRotatef(*self.rotateX)
        glRotatef(*self.rotateY)

        # Visual scene ---------------------------------------------------------
        glPushMatrix()

        # Table -----------------------~
        #glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 80, 2), "d"))
        #glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(1, 80, 2), "d"))
        #glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 80, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 80), "d"))

        getMatrixHead()
        glTranslatef(-0.1, -0.1, 0)
        #glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 10, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(80, 90), "d"))
        glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 10, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 10), "d"))

        #getMatrixHead()
        #glTranslatef(0, 0, 1)
        #glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(90, 170, 2), "d"))
        #glDrawElements(GL_POLYGON, 39, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(91, 170, 2), "d"))
        #glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 80, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(90, 170), "d"))

        glPopMatrix()
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        glutSwapBuffers()

    def onKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
        change = True

        if key == 'a':
            self.translate[0] += 1

        elif key == 'd':
            self.translate[0] -= 1

        elif key == 's':
            self.translate[1] += 1

        elif key == 'w':
            self.translate[1] -= 1

        elif key == 'q':
            self.translate[2] += 1

        elif key == 'e':
            self.translate[2] -= 1

        else:
            change = False

        if change: glutPostRedisplay()

    def onMouseMotionEvent(self, x, y):
        pass

    def onMouseButtonEvent(self, button, state, x, y):
        pass

    def onReshapeEvent(self, width, height):
        glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
        glLoadIdentity()
        gluPerspective(60.0, width / height, 1.0, 100.0)
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

    def onSpecialKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
        change = True

        if key == GLUT_KEY_UP:
            self.rotateX[0] += self.angle_delta

        elif key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
            self.rotateX[0] -= self.angle_delta

        elif key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
            self.rotateY[0] += self.angle_delta

        elif key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
            self.rotateY[0] -= self.angle_delta

        else:
            change = False

        if change: glutPostRedisplay()

    def run(self):
        glutMainLoop()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Functions --------------------------------------------------------------------
def getMatrixHead():
    glPopMatrix()
    glPushMatrix()

def table_model(radius, number_of_points):
    delta = 2 * pi / (number_of_points - 1)
    points = []

    for i in xrange(number_of_points):
        points.extend((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0.05))
        points.extend((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0))

    return points

def table_leg_model():
    return (
        0, 0,   0, 0.2, 0,
        0, 1,   0, 0.2, 1.0,
        1, 0,   0, 0, 0,
        1, 1,   0, 0, 1.0,
        #0, 0,   0.2, 0, 0,
        #0, 1,   0.2, 0, 1.0,
        #1, 0,   0.2, 0.2, 0,
        #1, 1,   0.2, 0.2, 1.0,
        #0, 0,   0, 0.2, 0,
        #0, 1,   0, 0.2, 1.0,
    )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Main -------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    AppGL("Moe's Tavern", (300, 100), (800, 600)).run()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

源代码也可以在这里找到~> https://github.com/EPadronU/TavernGL/blob/master/appgl.py

4

1 回答 1

1

我将列出让我感到好奇的清单：

该功能getMatrixHead没有意义，至少命名是这样。充其量它只会丢弃堆栈中的内容并复制下面的内容。

然后你犯了试图“初始化”OpenGL的典型新手错误。不要那样做。除了加载纹理或 VBO 数据之外，仅从显示函数调用 OpenGL，其他任何地方都没有。如果您在调用 OpenGL 函数时进行了回溯，则它只会发生，因为最终是因为调用了 display 。如果你这样做了，你就不会在有一个实际的 OpenGL 上下文之前调用 OpenGL：只有在创建了一个 OpenGL 上下文之后，OpenGL 调用才会生效。如果在调用之后使用 GLUTglutCreateWindow

现在看看这段代码：

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)

    glGenTextures(len(self.textures), self.textures)
    self.genTexture('wood1', 'textures/wood1.png')
    #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    # GLUT initialization --------------------------------------------------
    glutInit(argv)
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
    glutInitWindowPosition(*self.position)
    glutInitWindowSize(*self.size)
    glutCreateWindow(title)

您在有上下文之前进行 OpenGL 调用。如果您以以下方式编写它，它会起作用（我也冒昧地给它一个很好的信息加载屏幕）

import Image

from math import cos
from math import pi
from math import sin
from numpy import array
from numpy import uint8
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from sys import argv

# Classes ----------------------------------------------------------------------
class AppGL(object):
    def __init__(self, title, position=(100, 100), size=(400, 400)):
        # Properties -----------------------------------------------------------
        self.angle_delta = 4.0
        self.position = position
        self.rotateX = [0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
        self.rotateY = [0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
        self.size = size
        self.translate = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
        self.textures = dict()

        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        # GLUT initialization --------------------------------------------------
        glutInit(argv)
        glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
        glutInitWindowPosition(*self.position)
        glutInitWindowSize(*self.size)
        glutCreateWindow(title)
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        # Callbacks ------------------------------------------------------------
        glutDisplayFunc(self.onDisplayEvent)
        glutKeyboardFunc(self.onKeyEvent)
        glutMotionFunc(self.onMouseMotionEvent)
        glutMouseFunc(self.onMouseButtonEvent)
        glutReshapeFunc(self.onReshapeEvent)
        glutSpecialFunc(self.onSpecialKeyEvent)
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        # Arrays ---------------------------------------------------------------
        self.tablelegmodel = array( list(table_leg_model()), "f")

        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    def loadTexture(self, path):
        if path in self.textures.keys():
            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.textures[path])
            return

        glDrawBuffer(GL_FRONT)
        glClearColor(0.25, 0.25, 0.75, 1.)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
        glPushMatrix()
        glLoadIdentity()

        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
        glPushMatrix()
        glLoadIdentity()

        glRasterPos3f(-0.9, 0.9, 0)
        glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
        glDisable(GL_LIGHTING)
        glutBitmapString(GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18, "Loading Texture " + path)
        glFinish()
        glDrawBuffer(GL_BACK)

        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
        glPopMatrix()
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
        glPopMatrix()

        img = Image.open(path)
        texture_data = array(list(img.getdata()), uint8)

        texID = array([0], uint8)
        glGenTextures(1, texID)
        texID = texID[0]

        self.textures[path] = texID
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texID)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT)
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img.size[0], img.size[1], 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture_data)

    def onDisplayEvent(self):
        width, height = self.size
        aspect = float(width) / float(height)

        glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

        glViewport(0, 0, width, height)

        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
        glLoadIdentity()
        gluPerspective(60.0, aspect, 1.0, 100.0)

        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
        glLoadIdentity()
        gluLookAt(0, 0, 4, 0, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0)

        glTranslatef(*self.translate)
        glRotatef(*self.rotateX)
        glRotatef(*self.rotateY)

        # Visual scene ---------------------------------------------------------
        glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

        glPushMatrix()
        glTranslatef(-0.1, -0.1, 0)

        self.loadTexture('textures/wood1.png')

        glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)

        glInterleavedArrays(GL_T2F_V3F, 0, self.tablelegmodel)
        glDrawElements(GL_QUAD_STRIP, 10, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, array(xrange(0, 10), "d"))

        glPopMatrix()
        #-----------------------------------------------------------------------

        glutSwapBuffers()

    def onKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
        if key == 'a':
            self.translate[0] += 1

        elif key == 'd':
            self.translate[0] -= 1

        elif key == 's':
            self.translate[1] += 1

        elif key == 'w':
            self.translate[1] -= 1

        elif key == 'q':
            self.translate[2] += 1

        elif key == 'e':
            self.translate[2] -= 1

        else:
            return

        glutPostRedisplay()

    def onMouseMotionEvent(self, x, y):
        pass

    def onMouseButtonEvent(self, button, state, x, y):
        pass

    def onReshapeEvent(self, width, height):
        self.size = width, height
        glutPostRedisplay()

    def onSpecialKeyEvent(self, key, x, y):
        if key == GLUT_KEY_UP:
            self.rotateX[0] += self.angle_delta

        elif key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
            self.rotateX[0] -= self.angle_delta

        elif key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
            self.rotateY[0] += self.angle_delta

        elif key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
            self.rotateY[0] -= self.angle_delta

        else:
            return

        glutPostRedisplay()

    def run(self):
        glutMainLoop()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

def table_model(radius, number_of_points):
    delta = 2 * pi / (number_of_points - 1)
    points = []

    for i in xrange(number_of_points):
        points.append((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0.05))
        points.append((radius * cos(i * delta), radius * sin(i * delta), 0))

    return points

def table_leg_model():
    return (
        0, 0,   0, 0.2, 0,
        0, 1,   0, 0.2, 1.0,
        1, 0,   0, 0, 0,
        1, 1,   0, 0, 1.0,
        #0, 0,   0.2, 0, 0,
        #0, 1,   0.2, 0, 1.0,
        #1, 0,   0.2, 0.2, 0,
        #1, 1,   0.2, 0.2, 1.0,
        #0, 0,   0, 0.2, 0,
        #0, 1,   0, 0.2, 1.0,
    )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Main -------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    AppGL("Moe's Tavern", (300, 100), (800, 600)).run()
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
于 2013-09-22T20:11:28.757 回答