14

例如，我有以下目录结构：

/test_dir/d
/test_dir/d/cron
/test_dir/d/cache
/test_dir/d/...(more sub dirs)
/test_dir/tree
/test_dir/tree/a
/test_dir/tree/a/a1
/test_dir/tree/a/a2
...(and so on for b/ and c/ )

我编写了以下 bash 脚本，该脚本有效地到达了第二级，/test_dir因此它将达到/test_dir/d/cron或/test_dir/tree/a但不会更进一步。我无法弄清楚为什么递归脚本不会进一步传播，有人可以调试脚本并指出我的错误吗？

这是我写的：

#!/bin/bash

#script to recursively travel a dir of n levels

function traverse() {   

for file in `ls $1`
do
    #current=${1}{$file}
    if [ ! -d ${1}${file} ] ; then
        echo " ${1}${file} is a file"
    else
        #echo "entering recursion with: ${1}${file}"
            traverse "${1}/${file}"
    fi
done
}

function main() {
    traverse $1
}

main $1

这是输出：

/test_dir/a is a file
/test_dir/b is a file
/test_dir//dcache is a file
/test_dir//dcron is a file
/test_dir//dgames is a file
/test_dir//dlib is a file
/test_dir//dlog is a file
/test_dir//drun is a file
/test_dir//dtmp is a file
/test_dir/movies is a file
/test_dir//treea is a file
/test_dir//treeb is a file
/test_dir//treec is a file
/test_dir//treed is a file

我知道可能有更优雅的单行命令来执行此操作。但我试图以这种明确的方式做到这一点。我为这篇文章的长度道歉。

编辑：使用traverse "${1}/${file}"

4

2 回答 2

37

脚本有几个问题。它应该是这样的：

#!/bin/bash

#script to recursively travel a dir of n levels

function traverse() {
for file in "$1"/*
do
    if [ ! -d "${file}" ] ; then
        echo "${file} is a file"
    else
        echo "entering recursion with: ${file}"
        traverse "${file}"
    fi
done
}

function main() {
    traverse "$1"
}

main "$1"

但是，递归遍历目录的正确方法是使用 find 命令：

find . -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' file
do 
    echo "$file"
done
于 2013-09-19T14:37:22.517 回答
3 
/test_dir/treea is a file
/test_dir/treeb is a file
/test_dir/treec is a file
/test_dir/treed is a file

这些是错误。一些不仅不是目录而且不存在的被视为文件。我认为您需要用斜杠将新文件与目录分开：

    traverse "${1}/${file}"

并检查它们是否也存在。

由于您也在使用 bash，因此我建议您改用这种形式：

#!/bin/bash

shopt -s dotglob  ## Optionally would allow matches for directories beginning with .
shopt -s nullglob

function traverse {
    local a file
    for a; do
        for file in "$a"/*; do
            if [[ -d $file ]]; then
                traverse "$file"
            else
                echo " $file is a file."
            fi
        done
    done
}

traverse "$@"

您可以使用多个参数运行脚本。

脚本的固定版本：

#!/bin/bash

#script to recursively travel a dir of n levels

function traverse() {   
    for file in $(ls "$1")
    do
        #current=${1}{$file}
        if [[ ! -d ${1}/${file} ]]; then
            echo " ${1}/${file} is a file"
        else
            #echo "entering recursion with: ${1}${file}"
            traverse "${1}/${file}"
        fi
    done
}

function main() {
    traverse "$1"
}

main "$1"
于 2013-09-19T14:28:36.887 回答