我编写了一个程序，可以在其中请求身份证。
有不同类型的身份证（红色，蓝色，绿色）
在请求的同时，程序应该生成标识号。数字（数字范围）取决于请求的卡。
Red Card: 1 - 50000
Blue Card: 50001 - 100000
Green Card: 100001 - 150000
如果我向系统添加新的身份证，那么序列应该自动为新添加的身份证创建一个新的数字范围。数字不应重复出现。一个号码只能使用一次。
我怎样才能做到这一点？任何人都可以帮助我吗？
问问题
7319 次
10 回答
2
您可以为此使用而不是插入触发器
create table Cards_Types (Color nvarchar(128) primary key, Start int);
create table Cards (ID int primary key, Color nvarchar(128));
insert into Cards_Types
select 'RED', 0 union all
select 'BLUE', 50000 union all
select 'GREEN', 100000;
create trigger utr_Cards_Insert on Cards
instead of insert as
begin
insert into Cards (id, Color)
select
isnull(C.id, CT.Start) + row_number() over(partition by i.Color order by i.id),
i.Color
from inserted as i
left outer join Cards_Types as CT on CT.Color = i.Color
outer apply (
select max(id) as id
from Cards as C
where C.Color = i.Color
) as C
end
它允许您一次插入多行：
insert into Cards (Color)
select 'GREEN' union all
select 'GREEN' union all
select 'RED' union all
select 'BLUE'
请注意，您最好在 Cards columns 上有索引Color, ID。
另请注意，您只能为每种类型插入 50000 条记录。您可以使用不同的种子，例如 1 代表 'RED'，2 代表 'BLUE' 等等，并为例如 100种卡片预留位置：
create table Cards_Types (Color nvarchar(128) primary key, Start int);
create table Cards (ID int primary key, Color nvarchar(128));
insert into Cards_Types
select 'RED', 1 union all
select 'BLUE', 2 union all
select 'GREEN', 3;
create trigger utr_Cards_Insert on Cards
instead of insert as
begin
insert into Cards (id, Color)
select
isnull(C.id, CT.Start - 100) + row_number() over(partition by i.Color order by i.id) * 100,
i.Color
from inserted as i
left outer join Cards_Types as CT on CT.Color = i.Color
outer apply (
select max(id) as id
from Cards as C
where C.Color = i.Color
) as C
end;
这样，“RED”的 ID 将始终以 1 结束，“BLUE”的 ID 以 2 结束，依此类推。
于 2013-09-23T13:04:56.977 回答
2
从设计的角度来看，我强烈反对将额外的逻辑编码到标识符中，即将卡片颜色分配给特定的范围。我宁愿使用能够很好地处理唯一性和并发性的 IDENTITY 列，使 ID 完全替代并将给定 ID 的卡片颜色信息存储在另一个属性中。可能在该附加属性上创建索引以检索给定颜色的记录。
还想一想，如果红卡的所有者要求将其更改为蓝卡，需要什么？对于范围，要保留颜色分配，您需要创建一个新的 id，并可能在其他地方存储有关从旧到新的 id 序列的信息。如果有人多次更改它怎么办？使用代理 ID，您可以一直拥有一个 ID，以便能够在整个历史记录中跟踪同一个人，也许只需将日期信息添加到您的表格中以按顺序订购更改。这只是一个简单场景的示例。
于 2013-09-28T11:24:18.193 回答
1
为此，您可以利用 SQL Server 的IDENTITY机制，因为它易于使用并且可以很好地处理并发性。
更具体地说，您可以使用以下脚本创建三个仅包含标识（自动递增）Id列的表：
create table RedCardIds(Id int identity(1, 1) primary key)
create table BlueCardIds(Id int identity(50001, 1) primary key)
create table GreenCardIds(Id int identity(100001, 1) primary key)
GO
这三个表的标识值设置为与您的区间下限匹配。
然后，对于每个请求，您都将插入到相应的表中，并使用OUTPUT 子句来获取新生成的标识值。
例如，如果请求是红牌，你可以写：
insert RedCardIds
output inserted.Id
default values
这将输出：
Id
-----------
1
(1 row(s) affected)
在下一次运行时它会返回2，依此类推。
同样，蓝卡的第一个请求将触发语句：
insert BlueCardIds
output inserted.Id
default values
结果：
Id
-----------
500001
(1 row(s) affected)
于 2013-09-23T08:56:39.213 回答
0
理想情况下，您必须维护一个表来存储此信息。
CardCategry MinNumber MaxNumber RunningNumber
然后你可以编写一个 SP 来获取下一个数字并将卡片类别作为参数传递。示例查询如下。
SELECT @count=count(RunningNumber)
FROM IdentificationTable
WHERE CardCategry=@param
IF (@count=1)
SELECT @RunningNumber=RunningNumber
FROM IdentificationTable
WHERE CardCategry=@param
ELSE
SELECT TOP 1 @min=MinNumber,@max=MaxNumber
FROM IdentificationTable
ORDER BY MinNumber DESC
INSERT INTO IdentificationTable VALUES (@param,@max+1,@max+(@max-@min),1)
SET @RunningNumber=1
RETURN @RunningNumber
这不是一个完整的工作。显然，您必须对检查边界限制等进行一些错误处理。
于 2013-09-19T10:27:42.437 回答
0
我会尝试这样的事情：
declare @cat2start int = 50000
declare @cat3start int = 100000
declare @catName varchar(10) = 'Red'
if @catName = 'Green'
begin
select (max(cardnumber) + 1) as [This is the next number]
from yourTable
where
cardnumber < @cat2start
end
if @catName = 'Blue'
begin
select (max(cardnumber) + 1) as [This is the next number]
from yourTable
where
cardumber >= @cat2start and cardnumber < @cat3start
end
if @catName = 'Red'
begin
select (max(cardnumber) + 1) as [This is the next number]
from yourTable
end
于 2013-09-19T10:44:04.510 回答
0
有很多答案，但我会加我的 2 美分。请注意，我假设我在对您原始帖子的评论中所写的内容：
create table cardTypes(cardTypeName varchar(100) primary key, [50kSlot] int unique)
create table cards (identificationNumber bigint primary key);
--add slot if needed
declare @cardToBeAdded varchar(100) = 'green'
declare @tbl50kSlot table (i int)
merge into cardTypes as t
using (select @cardToBeAdded as newCard) as s
on t.[cardTypeName] = s.newCard
when not matched by target then
insert (cardTypeName, [50kSlot]) values (s.newCard, isnull((select max([50kSlot]) + 1 from cardTypes),1))
when matched then
update set [50kSlot] = [50kSlot]
output inserted.[50kSlot] into @tbl50kSlot;
declare @50kSlot int = (Select i from @tbl50kSlot)
insert into cards (identificationNumber) values (isnull(
(select max(identificationNumber)+1 from cards where identificationNumber between ((@50kSlot-1)*50000+1) and @50kSlot*50000),
(@50kSlot-1)*50000+1)
)
当然，您需要将一些实际数据添加到卡表中。请注意，如果存在足够有效的索引，则可以相对快速地执行最后一个查询。如果存在性能问题，可能值得解决对标识号进行索引的工作。例如，如果您将有很多行，请考虑在此列上创建过滤索引。
或者，您可以将 maxInt 保留在 cardTypes 表中，并使合并表稍微复杂一些。不利的一面是，如果查询之间出现某种错误，则永远不会使用该数字，因此我的解决方案会保持序列紧密。
于 2013-09-24T14:32:24.403 回答
0
MS SQL Server 2008 架构设置：
CREATE TABLE Table1
([color] varchar(10), [id] int)
;
INSERT INTO Table1
([color], [id])
VALUES
('Red',(select isnull(case when (max(id)/50000)%3 = 1 and
max(id)%50000 = 0 then max(id)+100000 else
max(id) end,0)+1
from Table1 where color = 'Red'));
INSERT INTO Table1 ([color], [id]) VALUES ('Red',50000);
INSERT INTO Table1
([color], [id])
VALUES
('Red',(select isnull(case when (max(id)/50000)%3 = 1 and
max(id)%50000 = 0 then max(id)+100000 else
max(id) end,0)+1
from Table1 where color = 'Red'));
INSERT INTO Table1
([color], [id])
VALUES
('Blue',(select isnull(case when (max(id)/50000)%3 = 2 and
max(id)%50000 = 0 then max(id)+100000 else
max(id) end,50000)+1
from Table1 where color = 'Blue'));
INSERT INTO Table1
([color], [id])
VALUES
('Green',(select isnull(case when (max(id)/50000)%3 = 0 and
max(id)%50000 = 0 then max(id)+100000 else
max(id) end,100000)+1
from Table1 where color = 'Green'));
查询 1：
SELECT *
FROM Table1
结果：
| COLOR | ID |
|-------|--------|
| Red | 1 |
| Red | 50000 |
| Red | 150001 |
| Blue | 50001 |
| Green | 100001 |
于 2013-09-26T05:47:32.693 回答
0
这是我对挑战的贡献。不需要额外的表，应该是并发安全的并且可以处理批量更新。可能不是最快的，但它有效。它基本上将要插入的行复制到单独的表中，为每种颜色创建 ID，最后将所有内容移动到目标表中。
Create Trigger Trg_CreateID ON dbo.Cards instead of insert
as
begin
set nocount on
-- declare a working table holding intermediate results
declare @Tmp Table (cardID int, cardColor char(1), cardNumber char(20))
-- copy the data to be inserted in our working table
insert into @Tmp select * from inserted
declare @Id int
-- fill in the Id's once per color
select @Id=coalesce (max(cardID),0) from dbo.Cards where cardColor='Red'
update @Tmp set cardID = @Id, @Id=@id+1 where cardColor='Red'
select @Id=coalesce(max(cardID),50000) from dbo.Cards where cardColor='Blue'
update @Tmp set cardID = @Id, @Id=@id+1 where cardColor='Blue'
select @Id=coalesce(max(cardID),100000) from dbo.Cards where cardColor='Gree'
update @Tmp set cardID = @Id, @Id=@id+1 where cardColor='Green'
-- do the actual insert here
insert into dbo.Cards select * from @tmp
end
它假设Cards像这样的表
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Cards]
(
[cardID] [int] NOT NULL,
[cardColor] [char](1) NOT NULL,
[cardNumber] [char](20) NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
我在列中添加了一个约束以cardID允许在插入语句中省略它
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Cards]
ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_Cards_cardID] DEFAULT ((0)) FOR [cardID]
于 2013-09-28T08:15:02.600 回答
0
编辑 #1：我更新了触发器 ( IF UPDATE)、存储过程和最后两个示例。
CREATE TABLE dbo.CustomSequence
(
CustomSequenceID INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
SequenceName NVARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, -- or SYSNAME
UNIQUE(SequenceName),
RangeStart INT NOT NULL,
RangeEnd INT NOT NULL,
CHECK(RangeStart < RangeEnd),
CurrentValue INT NULL,
CHECK(RangeStart <= CurrentValue AND CurrentValue <= RangeEnd)
);
GO
CREATE TRIGGER trgIU_CustomSequence_VerifyRange
ON dbo.CustomSequence
AFTER INSERT, UPDATE
AS
BEGIN
IF (UPDATE(RangeStart) OR UPDATE(RangeEnd)) AND EXISTS
(
SELECT *
FROM inserted i
WHERE EXISTS
(
SELECT * FROM dbo.CustomSequence cs
WHERE cs.CustomSequenceID <> i.CustomSequenceID
AND i.RangeStart <= cs.RangeEnd
AND i.RangeEnd >= cs.RangeStart
)
)
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
RAISERROR(N'Range overlapping error', 16, 1);
END
END;
GO
--TRUNCATE TABLE dbo.CustomSequence
INSERT dbo.CustomSequence (SequenceName, RangeStart, RangeEnd)
SELECT N'Red Card', 1, 50000 UNION ALL
SELECT N'Blue Card', 50001, 100000 UNION ALL
SELECT N'Green Card', 100001, 150000;
GO
-- Test for overlapping range
INSERT dbo.CustomSequence (SequenceName, RangeStart, RangeEnd)
VALUES (N'Yellow Card', -100, +100);
GO
/*
Msg 50000, Level 16, State 1, Procedure trgIU_CustomSequence_VerifyRange, Line 20
Range overlapping error
Msg 3609, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
The transaction ended in the trigger. The batch has been aborted.
*/
GO
-- This procedure tries to reserve
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.SequenceReservation
(
@CustomSequenceID INT, -- You could use also @SequenceName
@IDsCount INT, -- How many IDs do we/you need ? (Needs to be greather than 0)
@LastID INT OUTPUT
)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @StartTranCount INT, @SavePoint VARCHAR(32);
SET @StartTranCount = @@TRANCOUNT;
IF @StartTranCount = 0 -- There is an active transaction ?
BEGIN
BEGIN TRANSACTION -- If not then it starts a "new" transaction
END
ELSE -- If yes then "save" a save point -- see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188378.aspx
BEGIN
DECLARE @ProcID INT, @NestLevel INT;
SET @ProcID = @@PROCID;
SET @NestLevel = @@NESTLEVEL;
SET @SavePoint = CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), @ProcID) + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), @NestLevel);
SAVE TRANSACTION @SavePoint;
END
BEGIN TRY
UPDATE dbo.CustomSequence
SET @LastID = CurrentValue = ISNULL(CurrentValue, 0) + @IDsCount
WHERE CustomSequenceID = @CustomSequenceID;
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
RAISERROR(N'Invalid sequence', 16, 1);
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
IF @StartTranCount = 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
END
ELSE -- @StartTranCount > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION @SavePoint
END
DECLARE @ErrorMessage NVARCHAR(2048), @ErrorSeverity INT, @ErrorState INT;
SELECT @ErrorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE(), @ErrorSeverity = ERROR_SEVERITY(), @ErrorState = ERROR_STATE();
RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage, @ErrorSeverity, @ErrorState);
END CATCH;
END;
GO
SELECT * FROM dbo.CustomSequence;
GO
-- Example usage #1
DECLARE @LastID INT;
EXEC dbo.SequenceReservation
@CustomSequenceID = 1, -- Red Card
@IDsCount = 2, -- How many IDs ?
@LastID = @LastID OUTPUT;
SELECT @LastID - 2 + 1 AS [FirstID], @LastID AS [LastID];
GO
-- Example usage #2
DECLARE @LastID INT;
EXEC dbo.SequenceReservation
@CustomSequenceID = 1, -- Red Card
@IDsCount = 7, -- How many IDs ?
@LastID = @LastID OUTPUT;
SELECT @LastID - 7 + 1 AS [FirstID], @LastID AS [LastID];
SELECT * FROM dbo.CustomSequence;
GO
结果：
CustomSequenceID SequenceName RangeStart RangeEnd CurrentValue
---------------- ------------ ----------- ----------- ------------
1 Red Card 1 50000 9
2 Blue Card 50001 100000 NULL
3 Green Card 100001 150000 NULL
于 2013-09-28T15:18:43.543 回答
-1
*此解决方案适用于单行插入，多个插入的并发需要不同的方法。在评论中讨论更多细节*
如果没有用于创建表的选项，那么您可以使用而不是触发器（像 oracle 中的触发器之前一样进行调整）。
使用触发器内的特定条件来设置Identity列的范围。这是一个示例，您可以如何实施您的解决方案。
桌子
CREATE TABLE REQUEST_TABLE(
REQ_ID numeric(8, 0) NOT NULL,
REQ_COLOR VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL
); -- I have used this sample table
而不是触发器
CREATE TRIGGER tg_req_seq ON REQUEST_TABLE
INSTEAD OF INSERT AS
DECLARE @REQ_ID INT
DECLARE @REQ_COLOR VARCHAR(30)
DECLARE @REQ_START INT
BEGIN
SELECT @REQ_COLOR= (SELECT ISNULL(REQ_COLOR,'NA') FROM INSERTED)
SELECT @REQ_START = (SELECT CASE WHEN @REQ_COLOR = 'Red' THEN 0
WHEN @REQ_COLOR = 'Blue' THEN 50000
ELSE 100000 END)
SELECT @REQ_ID = ISNULL(MAX(REQ_ID),@REQ_START)+1 FROM REQUEST_TABLE
WHERE REQ_COLOR = @REQ_COLOR
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE (REQ_ID,REQ_COLOR)
VALUES (@REQ_ID,@REQ_COLOR)
END;
现在在一些插入语句之后
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Red');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Red');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Red');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Blue');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Blue');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Blue');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Yellow');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Yellow');
INSERT INTO REQUEST_TABLE VALUES(NULL,'Yellow');
我在SqlFiddle添加了相同的结果。让我知道我是否错过了要包括的内容。
编辑
更新了Fiddle以满足灵活的需求。
于 2013-09-23T10:55:06.467 回答