javascript - 将单个背景图像划分为多个 div 以创建“窗口”效果的方法？

Question

我想知道是否有一种简单的方法可以在多个 div 中“平铺”或“窗口”单个背景图像。我想创建一种打孔的窗口外观。

请记住，我想动态添加这些框。最多有 16 个，但我可以有 9 个。

我这里有一个小提琴：link to fiddle

我想要做的不是显示背景图像，而是显示白色。而不是 div 是白色的，它们包含背景图像的那部分。抱歉，如果这不是一个很好的描述，但基本上我想将白色与背景交换。

所以像：

<div id="blocks">
  <div class="block" style=" background: some-section-of-image ;"></div>
  <div class="block" style=" background: some-section-of-image2;"></div>
  <div class="block" style=" background: some-section-of-image3;"></div>
  <div class="block" style=" background: some-section-of-image4;"></div>
</div>

我想用尽可能少的 jQuery 来做到这一点……但也许这不可行。

我摆弄了一些设置

opacity:0.0;

仅在块上，但无法弄清楚如何不在其他地方显示图像。谢谢！

score 9 · Accepted Answer

A CSS-only solution

What you are describing is basically a table with a background image and white borders. A simple solution can be achieved by creating a table-like layout with CSS only.

.blocks {
    display:table-row;
}

.block {
    display:table-cell;
    height:100px;
    border:15px solid #FFF;
}

#background-container { 
    display:table;
    width:100%;
    border-collapse:collapse;
    box-sizing:border-box;
    background: url(https://i.imgur.com/2IqWvm5.jpeg) no-repeat center center;
    -webkit-background-size: cover;
    -moz-background-size: cover;
    -o-background-size: cover;
    background-size: cover;
}

<div id="background-container">
    <div class="blocks">
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
    </div>        
    <div class="blocks">
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="blocks">
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
    </div>
    <div class="blocks">
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
        <div class="block"></div>
    </div>
</div>

score 4 · Accepted Answer

我遇到了几乎 100% 的事情。随意（任何人）编辑答案。

CSS

#blocks {
    width:100%;
    height:100px;
}
.block {
    float: left;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 2%;
    width: 20%;
    height: 100%;
    background: transparent url(http://www.designmyprofile.com/images/graphics/backgrounds/background0172.jpg) no-repeat top left;
}

jQuery (JS)

$(function () {
    var posX = 0;
    var posY = 0;
    var i = 0;

    $(".block").each(function (ind, el) {
        $(this).css("background-position", posX.toString() + "% " + posY.toString() + "%");

        posX += 20;
        i++;

        if (i == 4) {
            i = 0;
            posX = 0;
            posY += 25;
        }
    });
});

演示（待改进）：http: //jsfiddle.net/bzCNb/33/

score 0 · Accepted Answer

尝试将背景放在块上，而不是带有固定附件和左上对齐的页面。不幸的是，如果页面滚动，则使用此选项时，背景会出现固定。

.block{
    float: left;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 2%;
    width: 20%;
    height: 100%;
    background-image: url(http://www.designmyprofile.com/images/graphics/backgrounds/background0172.jpg);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: left top;
    background-attachment: fixed;
}

http://jsfiddle.net/bzCNb/28/

score 0 · Accepted Answer

我发现这个问题很有趣，并且想知道现在用 vanilla JavaScript 做到这一点有多难，对于任何瓷砖形状或位置。

答：没那么难。

下面的片段说明了用 3 种不同的方式为平铺图像布置平铺，所有这些都由相同的 JavaScript 代码处理。

它适用于以下算法：

找到一个带有 class 的元素tiled-image。使用此框架的尺寸进行图像布局
找到其中的第一个<img>元素：将其src用作平铺图像。去掉它
对于其中包含类的所有元素tile，找到它们的位置，将它们设置background为图像，并使用background-position偏移量使其始终与框架的左上角匹配，并background-size设置为框架的大小

当前限制：帧的大小必须与图像的纵横比相匹配。可以轻松改进动态图像尺寸

window.addEventListener('load', _e=> {
  const tFrames = document.querySelectorAll('.tiled-image');//Find tiled frames
  tFrames.forEach(frame => {                                //For each one
    const img = frame.querySelector('img');                 //Retrieve first img
    if (!img || !img.src) return;
    img.remove();                                           //Remove it
    const src = img.src;                                    //Store its src
    const fBounds = frame.getBoundingClientRect();          //Store position of frame
    frame.querySelectorAll('.tile').forEach(tile => {       //For each tile
      tile.style.backgroundImage = `url('${src}')`;         //Set bg image to img's src
      const tBounds = tile.getBoundingClientRect();         //Find position
      //Position background to frame's upperleft corner
      const bx = tBounds.left - fBounds.left;
      const by = tBounds.top - fBounds.top;
      tile.style.backgroundPosition = `left ${-bx}px top ${-by}px`;
      //Set background size to frame's size
      tile.style.backgroundSize = `${fBounds.width}px ${fBounds.height}px`;
    });
  });
});

/*General positioning */

.tiled-image {
  box-sizing: content-box;
  width: 800px;
  height: 600px;
}

/* fallback to regular image if javascript doesn't run */
.tiled-image img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

/* DONE. The rest is decoration and specific tile positioning for the 3 examples */

body {
  background: linear-gradient(164deg, rgba(0,0,0,1) 0%, rgba(145,145,167,1) 35%, rgba(70,80,82,1) 100%);
}

.light-text {
  color: gainsboro;
}

.tiled-image + .tiled-image {
  margin-top: 1em;
}

/* debugging help */
/*
.tiled-image {
 outline: 1px solid blue;
}

.tiled-image .tile {
  outline: 1px solid red;
}
*/

/* regular grid */

#ti-1 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 10px;
}

/* irregular grid */

#ti-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: 
            "a a c c c c"
            "b b c c c c"
            "b b d d e e"
            "b b d d e e";
  grid-gap: 10px;
}
#ti-3 .ta { grid-area: a; }
#ti-3 .tb { grid-area: b; }
#ti-3 .tc { grid-area: c; }
#ti-3 .td { grid-area: d; }
#ti-3 .te { grid-area: e; }

/* position absolute */
#ti-2 { position: relative; }
#ti-2 .tile { position: absolute; }
#ti-2 .t0-0 {
  left: 0;
  top: 10px;
  width: 150px;
  height: 200px;
}
#ti-2 .t0-1 {
  left: 180px;
  top: 0;
  width: 220px;
  height: 400px;
}
#ti-2 .t0-2 {
  left: 410px;
  top: 30px;
  width: 380px;
  height: 510px;
}
#ti-2 .t1-0 {
  left: 20px;
  top: 220px;
  width: 150px;
  height: 380px;
}
#ti-2 .t1-1 {
  left: 180px;
  top: 420px;
  width: 210px;
  height: 170px;
}
#ti-2 .t1-2 {
  top: 560px;
  left: 400px;
  height: 40px;
  width: 400px;
}

<h4 class="light-text">With regular grid</h4>
<div class="tiled-image" id="ti-1">
  <img src="http://avante.biz/wp-content/uploads/800x600-Wallpapers/800x600-Wallpapers-048.jpg" />
  <div class="tile t0-0"></div>
  <div class="tile t0-1"></div>
  <div class="tile t0-2"></div>
  <div class="tile t1-0"></div>
  <div class="tile t1-1"></div>
  <div class="tile t1-2"></div>
  <div class="tile t2-0"></div>
  <div class="tile t2-1"></div>
  <div class="tile t2-2"></div>
</div>

<!-- DONE. Next examples use the same code with different numbers of tiles -->

<h4>With irregular grid</h4>
<div class="tiled-image" id="ti-3">
  <img src="http://avante.biz/wp-content/uploads/800x600-Wallpapers/800x600-Wallpapers-042.jpg" />
  <div class="tile ta"></div>
  <div class="tile tb"></div>
  <div class="tile tc"></div>
  <div class="tile td"></div>
  <div class="tile te"></div>
</div>

<h4>With position: absolute</h4>
<div class="tiled-image" id="ti-2">
  <img src="http://avante.biz/wp-content/uploads/800x600-Wallpapers/800x600-Wallpapers-047.jpg" />
  <div class="tile t0-0"></div>
  <div class="tile t0-1"></div>
  <div class="tile t0-2"></div>
  <div class="tile t1-0"></div>
  <div class="tile t1-1"></div>
  <div class="tile t1-2"></div>
</div>

javascript - 将单个背景图像划分为多个 div 以创建“窗口”效果的方法？

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