我已经搜索了很多次，但我找到的都是MFC。我想要它在 C++ WinAPI 中。我知道如何更改按钮控件的样式，但我不知道如何使按钮具有不同的颜色。那么，如何使用 C++ 更改 WinAPI 按钮控件的背景颜色？我不想用资源文件来做这件事。
谢谢！
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37868 次
4 回答
21
我将使用自定义绘图从我的其他帖子中发布一个副本，而不是链接，类似于alwayslearningnewstuff示例：
第一张图片显示没有选择任何内容时，第二张显示选择并按下第一个按钮时，最后一张显示按下第二个按钮并且鼠标悬停在它上面（注意亮度的增加 - cutom hilight）。为此，您必须自己捕获 NM_CUSTOMDRAW 消息并绘制按钮。这就是你的做法。还添加了渐变画笔功能和一些注释。
#pragma comment(linker,"\"/manifestdependency:type='win32' \
name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' \
processorArchitecture='*' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
#include <Windows.h>
#include <Commctrl.h>
#define IDC_EXIT_BUTTON 101
#define IDC_PUSHLIKE_BUTTON 102
HBRUSH CreateGradientBrush(COLORREF top, COLORREF bottom, LPNMCUSTOMDRAW item)
{
HBRUSH Brush = NULL;
HDC hdcmem = CreateCompatibleDC(item->hdc);
HBITMAP hbitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(item->hdc, item->rc.right-item->rc.left, item->rc.bottom-item->rc.top);
SelectObject(hdcmem, hbitmap);
int r1 = GetRValue(top), r2 = GetRValue(bottom), g1 = GetGValue(top), g2 = GetGValue(bottom), b1 = GetBValue(top), b2 = GetBValue(bottom);
for(int i = 0; i < item->rc.bottom-item->rc.top; i++)
{
RECT temp;
int r,g,b;
r = int(r1 + double(i * (r2-r1) / item->rc.bottom-item->rc.top));
g = int(g1 + double(i * (g2-g1) / item->rc.bottom-item->rc.top));
b = int(b1 + double(i * (b2-b1) / item->rc.bottom-item->rc.top));
Brush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(r, g, b));
temp.left = 0;
temp.top = i;
temp.right = item->rc.right-item->rc.left;
temp.bottom = i + 1;
FillRect(hdcmem, &temp, Brush);
DeleteObject(Brush);
}
HBRUSH pattern = CreatePatternBrush(hbitmap);
DeleteDC(hdcmem);
DeleteObject(Brush);
DeleteObject(hbitmap);
return pattern;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK MainWindow(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HBRUSH defaultbrush = NULL;
static HBRUSH hotbrush = NULL;
static HBRUSH selectbrush = NULL;
static HBRUSH push_uncheckedbrush = NULL;
static HBRUSH push_checkedbrush = NULL;
static HBRUSH push_hotbrush1 = NULL;
static HBRUSH push_hotbrush2 = NULL;
switch (msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
HWND Exit_Button = CreateWindowEx(NULL, L"BUTTON", L"EXIT",
WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
50, 50, 100, 100, hwnd, (HMENU)IDC_EXIT_BUTTON, NULL, NULL);
if(Exit_Button == NULL)
{
MessageBox(NULL, L"Button Creation Failed!", L"Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
HWND Pushlike_Button = CreateWindowEx(NULL, L"BUTTON", L"PUSH ME!",
WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX | BS_PUSHLIKE,
200, 50, 100, 100, hwnd, (HMENU)IDC_PUSHLIKE_BUTTON, NULL, NULL);
if(Pushlike_Button == NULL)
{
MessageBox(NULL, L"Button Creation Failed!", L"Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
switch(LOWORD(wParam))
{
case IDC_EXIT_BUTTON:
{
SendMessage(hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
}
break;
}
}
break;
case WM_NOTIFY:
{
LPNMHDR some_item = (LPNMHDR)lParam;
if (some_item->idFrom == IDC_EXIT_BUTTON && some_item->code == NM_CUSTOMDRAW)
{
LPNMCUSTOMDRAW item = (LPNMCUSTOMDRAW)some_item;
if (item->uItemState & CDIS_SELECTED)
{
//Select our color when the button is selected
if (selectbrush == NULL)
selectbrush = CreateGradientBrush(RGB(180, 0, 0), RGB(255, 180, 0), item);
//Create pen for button border
HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_INSIDEFRAME, 0, RGB(0, 0, 0));
//Select our brush into hDC
HGDIOBJ old_pen = SelectObject(item->hdc, pen);
HGDIOBJ old_brush = SelectObject(item->hdc, selectbrush);
//If you want rounded button, then use this, otherwise use FillRect().
RoundRect(item->hdc, item->rc.left, item->rc.top, item->rc.right, item->rc.bottom, 5, 5);
//Clean up
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_pen);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_brush);
DeleteObject(pen);
//Now, I don't want to do anything else myself (draw text) so I use this value for return:
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
//Let's say I wanted to draw text and stuff, then I would have to do it before return with
//DrawText() or other function and return CDRF_SKIPDEFAULT
}
else
{
if (item->uItemState & CDIS_HOT) //Our mouse is over the button
{
//Select our color when the mouse hovers our button
if (hotbrush == NULL)
hotbrush = CreateGradientBrush(RGB(255, 230, 0), RGB(245, 0, 0), item);
HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_INSIDEFRAME, 0, RGB(0, 0, 0));
HGDIOBJ old_pen = SelectObject(item->hdc, pen);
HGDIOBJ old_brush = SelectObject(item->hdc, hotbrush);
RoundRect(item->hdc, item->rc.left, item->rc.top, item->rc.right, item->rc.bottom, 5, 5);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_pen);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_brush);
DeleteObject(pen);
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
}
//Select our color when our button is doing nothing
if (defaultbrush == NULL)
defaultbrush = CreateGradientBrush(RGB(255, 180, 0), RGB(180, 0, 0), item);
HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_INSIDEFRAME, 0, RGB(0, 0, 0));
HGDIOBJ old_pen = SelectObject(item->hdc, pen);
HGDIOBJ old_brush = SelectObject(item->hdc, defaultbrush);
RoundRect(item->hdc, item->rc.left, item->rc.top, item->rc.right, item->rc.bottom, 5, 5);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_pen);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_brush);
DeleteObject(pen);
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
}
}
else if (some_item->idFrom == IDC_PUSHLIKE_BUTTON && some_item->code == NM_CUSTOMDRAW)
{
LPNMCUSTOMDRAW item = (LPNMCUSTOMDRAW)some_item;
if (IsDlgButtonChecked(hwnd, some_item->idFrom))
{
if (item->uItemState & CDIS_HOT)
{
if (push_hotbrush1 == NULL)
push_hotbrush1 = CreateGradientBrush(RGB(0, 0, 245), RGB(0, 230, 255), item);
HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_INSIDEFRAME, 0, RGB(0, 0, 0));
HGDIOBJ old_pen = SelectObject(item->hdc, pen);
HGDIOBJ old_brush = SelectObject(item->hdc, push_hotbrush1);
RoundRect(item->hdc, item->rc.left, item->rc.top, item->rc.right, item->rc.bottom, 10, 10);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_pen);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_brush);
DeleteObject(pen);
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
}
if (push_checkedbrush == NULL)
push_checkedbrush = CreateGradientBrush(RGB(0, 0, 180), RGB(0, 222, 200), item);
HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_INSIDEFRAME, 0, RGB(0, 0, 0));
HGDIOBJ old_pen = SelectObject(item->hdc, pen);
HGDIOBJ old_brush = SelectObject(item->hdc, push_checkedbrush);
RoundRect(item->hdc, item->rc.left, item->rc.top, item->rc.right, item->rc.bottom, 10, 10);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_pen);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_brush);
DeleteObject(pen);
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
}
else
{
if (item->uItemState & CDIS_HOT)
{
if (push_hotbrush2 == NULL)
push_hotbrush2 = CreateGradientBrush(RGB(255, 230, 0), RGB(245, 0, 0), item);
HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_INSIDEFRAME, 0, RGB(0, 0, 0));
HGDIOBJ old_pen = SelectObject(item->hdc, pen);
HGDIOBJ old_brush = SelectObject(item->hdc, push_hotbrush2);
RoundRect(item->hdc, item->rc.left, item->rc.top, item->rc.right, item->rc.bottom, 10, 10);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_pen);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_brush);
DeleteObject(pen);
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
}
if (push_uncheckedbrush == NULL)
push_uncheckedbrush = CreateGradientBrush(RGB(255, 180, 0), RGB(180, 0, 0), item);
HPEN pen = CreatePen(PS_INSIDEFRAME, 0, RGB(0, 0, 0));
HGDIOBJ old_pen = SelectObject(item->hdc, pen);
HGDIOBJ old_brush = SelectObject(item->hdc, defaultbrush);
RoundRect(item->hdc, item->rc.left, item->rc.top, item->rc.right, item->rc.bottom, 10, 10);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_pen);
SelectObject(item->hdc, old_brush);
DeleteObject(pen);
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
}
}
return CDRF_DODEFAULT;
}
break;
case WM_CTLCOLORBTN: //In order to make those edges invisble when we use RoundRect(),
{ //we make the color of our button's background match window's background
return (LRESULT)GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
}
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
{
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
{
DeleteObject(defaultbrush);
DeleteObject(selectbrush);
DeleteObject(hotbrush);
DeleteObject(push_checkedbrush);
DeleteObject(push_hotbrush1);
DeleteObject(push_hotbrush2);
DeleteObject(push_uncheckedbrush);
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
WNDCLASSEX wc;
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
const wchar_t ClassName[] = L"Main_Window";
wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wc.style = 0;
wc.lpfnWndProc = MainWindow;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wc.lpszClassName = ClassName;
wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
{
MessageBox(NULL, L"Window Registration Failed!", L"Error", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, ClassName, L"Window", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 368, 248, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if(hwnd == NULL)
{
MessageBox(NULL, L"Window Creation Failed!", L"Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0)
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.message;
}
于 2013-09-12T20:11:43.763 回答
10
I do not remember the link for the original code, but code bellow helped me in the past to solve the problem you currently face.
Notice that it doesn't have resource file, as you have requested, and is in plain Win32 API.
Study it carefully, everything is commented by the original author.
Hopefully it will help you, as it helped me in the past.
If you have any questions, ask, I will try to answer them.
There are 4 ways, as far as I know, to change the color of the button:
Owner draw ( obvious solution ).
Custom draw ( in my opinion the best solution ).
Subclassing the control ( I do not like it, but it is possible ).
Use bitmaps as your buttons background.
Handling
WM_CTLCOLORBTN:
From MSDN :
only owner-drawn buttons respond to the parent window processing this message.
Emphasis is mine. If you plan to use this option read the Remarks section carefully.
Code bellow demonstrates cases 1, 2 and 4.
#pragma comment(linker, "/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' \
name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' \
processorArchitecture='*' \
publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"")
#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")
#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>
ATOM RegisterWndClass(HINSTANCE hInst);
BOOL CreateMainWnd(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow);
LRESULT CALLBACK MainWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
HINSTANCE hInst;
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hInstPrev, LPWSTR lpszCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icex = {0};
icex.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
icex.dwICC = ICC_LISTVIEW_CLASSES | ICC_USEREX_CLASSES | ICC_BAR_CLASSES |
ICC_COOL_CLASSES | ICC_TAB_CLASSES | ICC_WIN95_CLASSES |
ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS | ICC_PAGESCROLLER_CLASS;
InitCommonControlsEx(&icex);
MSG msg;
hInst = hInstance;
if (!RegisterWndClass(hInstance))
return NULL;
if (!CreateMainWnd(hInstance, nCmdShow))
return NULL;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
};
ATOM RegisterWndClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASS wndClass = {0};
wndClass.style = CS_DBLCLKS;
wndClass.lpfnWndProc = MainWndProc;
wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndClass.hbrBackground = GetSysColorBrush(COLOR_BTNFACE);
wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndClass.lpszClassName = L"MainClass";
wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
return RegisterClass(&wndClass);
}
BOOL CreateMainWnd(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MainClass", L"Buttons sample",
WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX,
GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) / 2 - 115,
GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) / 2 - 50,
230, 100, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (!hWnd)
return FALSE;
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
HBITMAP hBitmap = NULL;
LRESULT CALLBACK MainWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
// Owner draw button
CreateWindow(L"BUTTON", L"", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON |
BS_OWNERDRAW, 10, 10, 60, 30, hWnd,
(HMENU)10001, hInst, NULL);
// Custom draw button
CreateWindow(L"BUTTON", L"", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON, 80,
10, 60, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)10002, hInst, NULL);
// Bitmap button
HWND hBitmapButton = CreateWindow(L"BUTTON", L"", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE
| BS_PUSHBUTTON | BS_BITMAP,
150, 10, 60, 30, hWnd,
(HMENU)10003, hInst, NULL);
HDC hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
HDC hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hDC);
hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hDC, 55, 25);
SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap);
SetDCBrushColor(hMemDC, RGB(0, 0, 255));
RECT r = {0};
r.left = 0;
r.right = 55;
r.top = 0;
r.bottom = 25;
FillRect(hMemDC, &r, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(DC_BRUSH));
DeleteDC(hMemDC);
ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC);
SendMessage(hBitmapButton, BM_SETIMAGE, (WPARAM)IMAGE_BITMAP,
(LPARAM)hBitmap);
return 0;
}
case WM_COMMAND:
switch (LOWORD(wParam))
{
case 10001:
MessageBox(hWnd, L"Owner draw button clicked", L"Message", NULL);
return 0;
case 10002:
MessageBox(hWnd, L"Custom draw button clicked", L"Message", NULL);
return 0;
case 10003:
MessageBox(hWnd, L"Bitmap button clicked", L"Message", NULL);
return 0;
}
break;
// Owner draw button
case WM_DRAWITEM:
if (wParam == 10001)
{
LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT lpDIS = (LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT)lParam;
SetDCBrushColor(lpDIS -> hDC, RGB(255, 0, 0));
SelectObject(lpDIS -> hDC, GetStockObject(DC_BRUSH));
RoundRect(lpDIS -> hDC, lpDIS -> rcItem.left, lpDIS -> rcItem.top,
lpDIS -> rcItem.right, lpDIS -> rcItem.bottom, 5, 5);
return TRUE;
}
break;
// Custom draw button
case WM_NOTIFY:
switch (((LPNMHDR)lParam) -> code)
{
case NM_CUSTOMDRAW:
if (((LPNMHDR)lParam) -> idFrom == 10002)
{
LPNMCUSTOMDRAW lpnmCD = (LPNMCUSTOMDRAW)lParam;
switch (lpnmCD -> dwDrawStage)
{
case CDDS_PREPAINT:
SetDCBrushColor(lpnmCD -> hdc, RGB(0, 255, 0));
SetDCPenColor(lpnmCD -> hdc, RGB(0, 255, 0));
SelectObject(lpnmCD -> hdc, GetStockObject(DC_BRUSH));
SelectObject(lpnmCD -> hdc, GetStockObject(DC_PEN));
RoundRect(lpnmCD -> hdc, lpnmCD -> rc.left + 3,
lpnmCD -> rc.top + 3,
lpnmCD -> rc.right - 3,
lpnmCD -> rc.bottom - 3, 5, 5);
return TRUE;
}
}
break;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
if (hBitmap != NULL)
DeleteObject((HBITMAP)hBitmap);
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
于 2013-09-12T20:00:54.913 回答
6
您可以在 DialogProc（ MSDN About WM_DRAWITEM ）上的消息 WM_DRAWITEM 中编辑一个按钮（具有标志 BS_OWNERDRAW），这是一个如何绘制简单按钮的简单示例：
LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT Item;
Item = (LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT)lParam;
SelectObject(Item->hDC, CreateFont(16, 0, 0, 0, FW_NORMAL, 0, 0, 0, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH, "Arial Black"));
FillRect(Item->hDC, &Item->rcItem, CreateSolidBrush(0));
SelectObject(Item->hDC, CreateSolidBrush(0));
if (Item->itemState & ODS_SELECTED)
{
SetTextColor(Item->hDC, 0);
SelectObject(Item->hDC, CreateSolidBrush(0xFF00));
SelectObject(Item->hDC, CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, 0xFF00));
}
else
{
SetTextColor(Item->hDC, 0x00FF00);
SelectObject(Item->hDC, CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, 0x00FF00));
}
SetBkMode(Item->hDC, TRANSPARENT);
RoundRect(Item->hDC, Item->rcItem.left, Item->rcItem.top, Item->rcItem.right, Item->rcItem.bottom, 20, 20);
int len;
len = GetWindowTextLength(Item->hwndItem);
LPSTR lpBuff;
lpBuff = new char[len+1];
GetWindowTextA(Item->hwndItem, lpBuff, len+1);
DrawTextA(Item->hDC, lpBuff, len, &Item->rcItem, DT_CENTER);
于 2013-09-17T00:42:05.510 回答
1
为此，您需要一个所有者绘制的按钮。出于某种原因，与其他控件不同，常规按钮不会对WM_CTLCOLORBTN消息处理程序中所做的更改做出反应。
于 2013-09-11T15:39:42.100 回答