13

如何在 Swing 的标签中“填充”Unicode 字符?

我正在尝试为我最近编写的国际象棋程序制作一个用户界面(与上面看到的棋子类似)。在其中,我使用 unicode 字符来表示我的棋子(\u2654通过\u265F)。

问题如下:

当我将棋子的背景设置为JLabel白色时,整个标签都会被填充(在我的例子中,它是一个 50*50px 的白色正方形,顶部有字符)。这导致我的作品看起来像瓷砖,而不仅仅是他们的照片。

当我将标签设置为不透明时,我只是得到了我的棋子的千篇一律的版本,而不是一个内部填充的。例如

实际结果

有没有办法只填充字符?

如果不是,我想我会制作一个精灵表,但我喜欢这个,因为我可以使用棋子的toString()方法来标记标签。

代码

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.Random;

class ChessBoard {

    static Font font = new Font("Sans-Serif", Font.PLAIN, 50);
    static Random rnd = new Random();

    public static void addUnicodeCharToContainer(
        String s, Container c, boolean randomColor) {

        JLabel l = new JLabel(s);
        l.setFont(font);
        if (randomColor) {
            int r = rnd.nextInt(255);
            int g = rnd.nextInt(255);
            int b = rnd.nextInt(255);

            l.setForeground(new Color(r,g,b));
            l.setBackground(new Color(255-r,255-g,255-b));
            l.setOpaque(true);
        }
        c.add(l);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                JPanel gui = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,6,4,4));

                String[] pieces = {
                    "\u2654","\u2655","\u2656","\u2657","\u2658","\u2659",
                    "\u265A","\u265B","\u265C","\u265D","\u265E","\u265F"
                };

                for (String piece : pieces) {
                    addUnicodeCharToContainer(piece,gui,false);
                }
                for (String piece : pieces) {
                    addUnicodeCharToContainer(piece,gui,true);
                }

                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, gui);
            }
        };
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);
    }
}
4

3 回答 3

16

棋子

这两行是通过 Java-2D 的魔法生成的。诀窍是:

  • 忽略“黑色”棋子,因为我们的颜色实际上来自“形状包含的空间”。那些在白色棋子中更大。
  • 创建一个GlyphVector表示角色形状的。这对于 Java-2D 中的进一步操作很重要。
  • 创建Rectangle图像的大小。
  • subtract()从形象的形状看人物的形状。
  • 将改变后的形状分成多个区域。
  • 用背景色填充区域,但跳过从 0.0,0.0 开始的单个区域(表示我们需要透明的最外层区域)。
  • 最后,使用轮廓颜色填充字符本身的形状。

代码

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.font.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.*;

class ChessBoard {

    static Font font = new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.PLAIN, 50);
    static Random rnd = new Random();

    public static ArrayList<Shape> separateShapeIntoRegions(Shape shape) {
        ArrayList<Shape> regions = new ArrayList<Shape>();

        PathIterator pi = shape.getPathIterator(null);
        int ii = 0;
        GeneralPath gp = new GeneralPath();
        while (!pi.isDone()) {
            double[] coords = new double[6];
            int pathSegmentType = pi.currentSegment(coords);
            int windingRule = pi.getWindingRule();
            gp.setWindingRule(windingRule);
            if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_MOVETO) {
                gp = new GeneralPath();
                gp.setWindingRule(windingRule);
                gp.moveTo(coords[0], coords[1]);
                System.out.println(ii++ + " \t" + coords[0] + "," + coords[1]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_LINETO) {
                gp.lineTo(coords[0], coords[1]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_QUADTO) {
                gp.quadTo(coords[0], coords[1], coords[2], coords[3]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_CUBICTO) {
                gp.curveTo(
                        coords[0], coords[1],
                        coords[2], coords[3],
                        coords[4], coords[5]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_CLOSE) {
                gp.closePath();
                regions.add(new Area(gp));
            } else {
                System.err.println("Unexpected value! " + pathSegmentType);
            }

            pi.next();
        }

        return regions;
    }

    public static void addColoredUnicodeCharToContainer(
            String s, Container c,
            Color bgColor, Color outlineColor, boolean blackSquare) {

        int sz = font.getSize();
        BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(
                sz, sz, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();
        g.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        g.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_DITHERING,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_DITHER_ENABLE);
        g.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_QUALITY);

        FontRenderContext frc = g.getFontRenderContext();
        GlyphVector gv = font.createGlyphVector(frc, s);
        Rectangle2D box1 = gv.getVisualBounds();

        Shape shape1 = gv.getOutline();
        Rectangle r = shape1.getBounds();
        System.out.println("shape rect: " + r);
        int spaceX = sz - r.width;
        int spaceY = sz - r.height;
        AffineTransform trans = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(
                -r.x + (spaceX / 2), -r.y + (spaceY / 2));
        System.out.println("Box2D " + trans);

        Shape shapeCentered = trans.createTransformedShape(shape1);

        Shape imageShape = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, sz, sz);
        Area imageShapeArea = new Area(imageShape);
        Area shapeArea = new Area(shapeCentered);
        imageShapeArea.subtract(shapeArea);
        ArrayList<Shape> regions = separateShapeIntoRegions(imageShapeArea);
        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1));
        for (Shape region : regions) {
            Rectangle r1 = region.getBounds();
            if (r1.getX() < 0.001 && r1.getY() < 0.001) {
            } else {
                g.setColor(bgColor);
                g.fill(region);
            }
        }
        g.setColor(outlineColor);
        g.fill(shapeArea);
        g.dispose();

        JLabel l = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(bi), JLabel.CENTER);
        Color bg = (blackSquare ? Color.BLACK : Color.WHITE);
        l.setBackground(bg);
        l.setOpaque(true);
        c.add(l);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                JPanel gui = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 6, 4, 4));

                String[] pieces = {
                    "\u2654", "\u2655", "\u2656", "\u2657", "\u2658", "\u2659"
                };

                boolean blackSquare = false;
                for (String piece : pieces) {
                    addColoredUnicodeCharToContainer(
                            piece, gui,
                            new Color(203,203,197),
                            Color.DARK_GRAY,
                            blackSquare);
                            blackSquare = !blackSquare;
                }
                            blackSquare = !blackSquare;
                for (String piece : pieces) {
                    addColoredUnicodeCharToContainer(
                            piece, gui,
                            new Color(192,142,60),
                            Color.DARK_GRAY,
                            blackSquare);
                            blackSquare = !blackSquare;
                }

                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, gui);
            }
        };
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);
    }
}

棋盘

这就是棋盘(22.81 Kb) 的样子。

棋盘朴素

精灵集

从 Unicode 字符渲染的棋子精灵集(64x64 像素) - 作为具有透明 BG 的 PNG。每个棋子有 6 列 x 对手 2 行(总大小为 384x128 像素)。

带实心填充的棋子(青铜/白镴)(11.64Kb)。

棋子瓷砖套装

带有渐变填充的棋子(金/银)(13.61Kb)。

带有渐变填充颜色的棋子瓷砖套装

带有渐变填充的棋子(深青色/洋红色) (13.44Kb)。

带有渐变填充颜色的棋子瓷砖套装

棋盘和精灵集的代码

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.font.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;

import java.io.*;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.logging.*;

class ChessBoard {

    /**
     * Unicodes for chess pieces.
     */
    static final String[] pieces = {
        "\u2654", "\u2655", "\u2656", "\u2657", "\u2658", "\u2659"
    };
    static final int KING = 0, QUEEN = 1, CASTLE = 2,
            BISHOP = 3, KNIGHT = 4, PAWN = 5;
    public static final int[] order = new int[]{
        CASTLE, KNIGHT, BISHOP, QUEEN, KING, BISHOP, KNIGHT, CASTLE
    };

    /*
     * Colors..
     */
    public static final Color outlineColor = Color.DARK_GRAY;
    public static final Color[] pieceColors = {
        new Color(203, 203, 197), new Color(192, 142, 60)
    };
    static final int WHITE = 0, BLACK = 1;

    /*
     * Font. The images use the font sizeXsize.
     */
    static Font font = new Font("Sans-Serif", Font.PLAIN, 64);

    public static ArrayList<Shape> separateShapeIntoRegions(Shape shape) {
        ArrayList<Shape> regions = new ArrayList<Shape>();

        PathIterator pi = shape.getPathIterator(null);
        int ii = 0;
        GeneralPath gp = new GeneralPath();
        while (!pi.isDone()) {
            double[] coords = new double[6];
            int pathSegmentType = pi.currentSegment(coords);
            int windingRule = pi.getWindingRule();
            gp.setWindingRule(windingRule);
            if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_MOVETO) {
                gp = new GeneralPath();
                gp.setWindingRule(windingRule);
                gp.moveTo(coords[0], coords[1]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_LINETO) {
                gp.lineTo(coords[0], coords[1]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_QUADTO) {
                gp.quadTo(coords[0], coords[1], coords[2], coords[3]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_CUBICTO) {
                gp.curveTo(
                        coords[0], coords[1],
                        coords[2], coords[3],
                        coords[4], coords[5]);
            } else if (pathSegmentType == PathIterator.SEG_CLOSE) {
                gp.closePath();
                regions.add(new Area(gp));
            } else {
                System.err.println("Unexpected value! " + pathSegmentType);
            }

            pi.next();
        }

        return regions;
    }

    public static BufferedImage getImageForChessPiece(
            int piece, int side, boolean gradient) {
        int sz = font.getSize();
        BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(
                sz, sz, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();
        g.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        g.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_DITHERING,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_DITHER_ENABLE);
        g.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_QUALITY);

        FontRenderContext frc = g.getFontRenderContext();
        GlyphVector gv = font.createGlyphVector(frc, pieces[piece]);
        Rectangle2D box1 = gv.getVisualBounds();

        Shape shape1 = gv.getOutline();
        Rectangle r = shape1.getBounds();
        int spaceX = sz - r.width;
        int spaceY = sz - r.height;
        AffineTransform trans = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(
                -r.x + (spaceX / 2), -r.y + (spaceY / 2));

        Shape shapeCentered = trans.createTransformedShape(shape1);

        Shape imageShape = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, sz, sz);
        Area imageShapeArea = new Area(imageShape);
        Area shapeArea = new Area(shapeCentered);
        imageShapeArea.subtract(shapeArea);
        ArrayList<Shape> regions = separateShapeIntoRegions(imageShapeArea);
        g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1));
        g.setColor(pieceColors[side]);
        Color baseColor = pieceColors[side];
        if (gradient) {
            Color c1 = baseColor.brighter();
            Color c2 = baseColor;
            GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(
                    sz/2-(r.width/4), sz/2-(r.height/4), c1, 
                    sz/2+(r.width/4), sz/2+(r.height/4), c2, 
                    false);
            g.setPaint(gp);
        } else {
            g.setColor(baseColor);
        }

        for (Shape region : regions) {
            Rectangle r1 = region.getBounds();
            if (r1.getX() < 0.001 && r1.getY() < 0.001) {
            } else {
                g.fill(region);
            }
        }
        g.setColor(outlineColor);
        g.fill(shapeArea);
        g.dispose();

        return bi;
    }

    public static void addColoredUnicodeCharToContainer(
            Container c,
            int piece,
            int side,
            Color bg,
            boolean gradient) {

        JLabel l = new JLabel(
                new ImageIcon(getImageForChessPiece(piece, side, gradient)),
                JLabel.CENTER);
        l.setBackground(bg);
        l.setOpaque(true);
        c.add(l);
    }

    public static void addPiecesToContainer(
            Container c,
            int intialSquareColor,
            int side,
            int[] pieces,
            boolean gradient) {

        for (int piece : pieces) {
            addColoredUnicodeCharToContainer(
                    c, piece, side,
                    intialSquareColor++%2 == BLACK ? Color.BLACK : Color.WHITE,
                    gradient);
        }
    }

    public static void addPiecesToContainer(
            Container c,
            Color bg,
            int side,
            int[] pieces,
            boolean gradient) {

        for (int piece : pieces) {
            addColoredUnicodeCharToContainer(
                    c, piece, side, bg, gradient);
        }
    }

    public static void addBlankLabelRow(Container c, int initialSquareColor) {
        for (int ii = 0; ii < 8; ii++) {
            JLabel l = new JLabel();
            Color bg = (initialSquareColor++ % 2 == BLACK
                    ? Color.BLACK : Color.WHITE);
            l.setBackground(bg);
            l.setOpaque(true);
            c.add(l);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final int[] pawnRow = new int[]{
            PAWN, PAWN, PAWN, PAWN, PAWN, PAWN, PAWN, PAWN
        };
        Runnable r = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                int gradient = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
                        null, "Use gradient fille color?");
                boolean gradientFill = gradient == JOptionPane.OK_OPTION;
                JPanel gui = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 8, 0, 0));
                gui.setBorder(new BevelBorder(
                        BevelBorder.LOWERED,
                        Color.GRAY.brighter(), Color.GRAY,
                        Color.GRAY.darker(), Color.GRAY));
                // set up a chess board
                addPiecesToContainer(gui, WHITE, BLACK, order, gradientFill);
                addPiecesToContainer(gui, BLACK, BLACK, pawnRow, gradientFill);

                addBlankLabelRow(gui, WHITE);
                addBlankLabelRow(gui, BLACK);
                addBlankLabelRow(gui, WHITE);
                addBlankLabelRow(gui, BLACK);

                addPiecesToContainer(gui, WHITE, WHITE, pawnRow, gradientFill);
                addPiecesToContainer(gui, BLACK, WHITE, order, gradientFill);

                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
                        null,
                        gui,
                        "Chessboard",
                        JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);

                JPanel tileSet = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 6, 0, 0));
                tileSet.setOpaque(false);
                int[] tileSetOrder = new int[]{
                    KING, QUEEN, CASTLE, KNIGHT, BISHOP, PAWN
                };
                addPiecesToContainer(
                        tileSet,
                        new Color(0, 0, 0, 0),
                        BLACK,
                        tileSetOrder, 
                        gradientFill);
                addPiecesToContainer(
                        tileSet,
                        new Color(0, 0, 0, 0),
                        WHITE,
                        tileSetOrder, 
                        gradientFill);
                int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
                        null,
                        tileSet,
                        "Save this tileset?",
                        JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION,
                        JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);
                if (result == JOptionPane.OK_OPTION) {
                    BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(
                            tileSet.getWidth(),
                            tileSet.getHeight(),
                            BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
                    Graphics g = bi.createGraphics();
                    tileSet.paint(g);
                    g.dispose();

                    String gradientString = gradientFill ? "gradient" : "solid";
                    File f = new File(
                            "chess-pieces-tileset-" + gradientString + ".png");
                    try {
                        ImageIO.write(bi, "png", f);
                        Desktop.getDesktop().open(f);
                    } catch (IOException ex) {
                        Logger.getLogger(
                                ChessBoard.class.getName()).log(
                                Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);
    }
}

也可以看看

  • 导致UGlys - GitHub 上的 Unicode 字形。

于 2013-09-08T17:46:20.887 回答
4

我看到的问题是字形被设计成可以轻松区分传统的黑白棋子。还要注意字体设计的变化。您可以使用HSB 颜色空间创建保留黑白区别的色调主题作品。绿色和青色如下图所示。

HSB 图像

附录:作为参考,这是@Andrew 的字形形状方法的 Mac OS X 屏幕截图。请注意@AndrewRenderingHints在图像缩放时使用的好处。

形状图像

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

/** @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/18691662/230513 */

class ChessBoard {

    static Font font = new Font("Sans-Serif", Font.PLAIN, 64);
    static Random rnd = new Random();

    public static void addUnicodeCharToContainer(String s, Container c) {
        JLabel l = new JLabel(s);
        l.setFont(font);
        l.setOpaque(true);
        c.add(l);
    }

    public static void addWhite(String s, Container c, Float h) {
        JLabel l = new JLabel(s);
        l.setFont(font);
        l.setOpaque(true);
        l.setForeground(Color.getHSBColor(h, 1, 1));
        l.setBackground(Color.getHSBColor(h, 3 / 8f, 5 / 8f));
        c.add(l);
    }

    public static void addBlack(String s, Container c, Float h) {
        JLabel l = new JLabel(s);
        l.setFont(font);
        l.setOpaque(true);
        l.setForeground(Color.getHSBColor(h, 5 / 8f, 3 / 8f));
        l.setBackground(Color.getHSBColor(h, 7 / 8f, 7 / 8f));
        c.add(l);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                JPanel gui = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 6, 4, 4));
                String[] white = {
                    "\u2654", "\u2655", "\u2656", "\u2657", "\u2658", "\u2659"
                };
                String[] black = {
                    "\u265A", "\u265B", "\u265C", "\u265D", "\u265E", "\u265F"
                };
                for (String piece : white) {
                    addUnicodeCharToContainer(piece, gui);
                }
                for (String piece : white) {
                    addWhite(piece, gui, 2 / 6f);
                }
                for (String piece : black) {
                    addUnicodeCharToContainer(piece, gui);
                }
                for (String piece : black) {
                    addBlack(piece, gui, 3 / 6f);
                }
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, gui);
            }
        };
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);
    }
}
于 2013-09-09T04:52:29.943 回答
1

最后,我发现制作 spritesheet 是解决问题的更容易和更简单的方法。现在,每个部分都对应于 spritesheet 中的一个图形,而不是一个字符/字形。正因为如此,这些碎片不能很好地调整大小,但这不是最大的交易。

@Andrew Thompson 的 GlyphVector 想法似乎很有希望,但是将内部空白与外部空白分开的问题仍然很困难。

我仍然有一个(低效的)想法是从非常小的字体大小和白色的前景色开始制作大量的棋子字形:

for (int i = 1; i < BOARD_WIDTH/8) { 
JLabel chessPiece =new JLabel("\u2654");
chessPiece.setForeground(Color.white);
chessPiece.setFont(new Font("Sans-Serif", Font.PLAIN, i));
add(chessPiece);
}

然后添加最后一个带有黑色前景的棋子:

JLabel chessPiece =new JLabel("\u2654");
chessPiece.setForeground(Color.black);
chessPiece.setFont(new Font("Sans-Serif", Font.PLAIN, BOARD_WIDTH/8)));
add(chessPiece);

请注意,我没有对此进行测试。

于 2013-09-09T05:26:40.790 回答