fortran - Fortran 95 中的长整数会导致“错误：整数对于同类而言太大”

Question

我收到一条编译 Fortran 95 程序的错误消息：

$ gfortran test_SELECT_REAL_KIND.f90
test_SELECT_REAL_KIND.f90:148.23:
tINTEGER_12=12345678911
                       1
Error: Integer too big for its kind at (1). This check can be disabled with the option -fno-range-check

该程序看起来像 test_SELECT_REAL_KIND.f90：

program test

IMPLICIT NONE
real :: r
r = 4.34


call test_sel_real_kind()
call test_sel_int_kind()
call test_sel_real_kind_on_int()


contains




subroutine test_sel_real_kind()
IMPLICIT NONE

INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG1 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=1)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG2 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=2)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG3 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=3)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG4 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=4)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG5 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=5)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG6 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=6)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG7 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=7)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG8 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=8)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG9 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=9)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG10 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=10)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG11 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=11)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG12 = SELECTED_REAL_KIND(p=12)

INTEGER(KIND=LONG1) :: tlong1
INTEGER(KIND=LONG2) :: tlong2
INTEGER(KIND=LONG3) :: tlong3
INTEGER(KIND=LONG4) :: tlong4
INTEGER(KIND=LONG5) :: tlong5
INTEGER(KIND=LONG6) :: tlong6
INTEGER(KIND=LONG7) :: tlong7
INTEGER*8 :: tlong8
INTEGER(KIND=LONG9) :: tlong9
INTEGER(KIND=LONG10) :: tlong10
INTEGER(KIND=LONG11) :: tlong11
INTEGER(KIND=LONG12) :: tlong12

write(*,*)' '
write(*,*)'Testing INTEGER SELECTED_REAL_KIND values '
write(*,*)' longs1 = ', tlong1,' at KIND =', LONG1
write(*,*)' longs2 = ', tlong2,' at KIND =', LONG2
write(*,*)' longs3 = ', tlong3,' at KIND =', LONG3
write(*,*)' longs4 = ', tlong4,' at KIND =', LONG4
write(*,*)' longs5 = ', tlong5,' at KIND =', LONG5
write(*,*)' longs6 = ', tlong6,' at KIND =', LONG6
write(*,*)' longs7 = ', tlong7,' at KIND =', LONG7
write(*,*)' longs8 = ', tlong8,' at KIND =', LONG8
write(*,*)' longs9 = ', tlong9,' at KIND =', LONG9
write(*,*)' longs10 = ', tlong10,' at KIND =', LONG10
write(*,*)' longs11 = ', tlong11,' at KIND =', LONG11
write(*,*)' longs12 = ', tlong12,' at KIND =', LONG12
write(*,*)' '

end subroutine test_sel_real_kind




subroutine test_sel_real_kind_on_int()
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG1 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=1)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG2 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=2)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG3 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=3)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG4 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=4)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG5 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=5)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG6 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=6)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG7 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=7)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG8 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=8)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG9 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=9)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG10 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=10)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG11 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=11)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG12 = SELECTED_real_KIND(p=12)

REAL(KIND=LONG1) :: treal_1
REAL(KIND=LONG2) :: treal_2
REAL(KIND=LONG3) :: treal_3
REAL(KIND=LONG4) :: treal_4
REAL(KIND=LONG5) :: treal_5
REAL(KIND=LONG6) :: treal_6
REAL(KIND=LONG7) :: treal_7
REAL(KIND=LONG8) :: treal_8
REAL(KIND=LONG9) :: treal_9
REAL(KIND=LONG10) :: treal_10
REAL(KIND=LONG11) :: treal_11
REAL(KIND=LONG12) :: treal_12

!treal_12=12345678911
write(*,*)' '
write(*,*)'Testing REAL SELECTED_REAL_KIND values '
write(*,*)' treal_1 = ', treal_1
write(*,*)' treal_2 = ', treal_2
write(*,*)' treal_3 = ', treal_3
write(*,*)' treal_4 = ', treal_4
write(*,*)' treal_5 = ', treal_5
write(*,*)' treal_6 = ', treal_6
write(*,*)' treal_7 = ', treal_7
write(*,*)' treal_8 = ', treal_8
write(*,*)' treal_9 = ', treal_9
write(*,*)' treal_10 = ', treal_10
write(*,*)' treal_11 = ', treal_11
write(*,*)' treal_12 = ', treal_12
write(*,*)' '

end subroutine test_sel_real_kind_on_int



subroutine test_sel_int_kind()
IMPLICIT NONE
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG1 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(1)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG2 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(2)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG3 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(3)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG4 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(4)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG5 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(5)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG6 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(6)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG7 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(7)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG8 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(8)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG9 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(9)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG10 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(10)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG11 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(11)
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: LONG12 = SELECTED_INT_KIND(12)

INTEGER(KIND=LONG1) :: tINTEGER_1
INTEGER(KIND=LONG2) :: tINTEGER_2
INTEGER(KIND=LONG3) :: tINTEGER_3
INTEGER(KIND=LONG4) :: tINTEGER_4
INTEGER(KIND=LONG5) :: tINTEGER_5
INTEGER(KIND=LONG6) :: tINTEGER_6
INTEGER(KIND=LONG7) :: tINTEGER_7
INTEGER(KIND=LONG8) :: tINTEGER_8
INTEGER(KIND=LONG9) :: tINTEGER_9
INTEGER(KIND=LONG10) :: tINTEGER_10
INTEGER(KIND=LONG11) :: tINTEGER_11
INTEGER(KIND=LONG12) :: tINTEGER_12


tINTEGER_12=12345678911

write(*,*)' '
write(*,*)'Testing INTEGER SELECTED_INT_KIND values '
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_1 = ', tINTEGER_1,' at KIND =', LONG1
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_2 = ', tINTEGER_2,' at KIND =', LONG2
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_3 = ', tINTEGER_3,' at KIND =', LONG3
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_4 = ', tINTEGER_4,' at KIND =', LONG4
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_5 = ', tINTEGER_5,' at KIND =', LONG5
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_6 = ', tINTEGER_6,' at KIND =', LONG6
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_7 = ', tINTEGER_7,' at KIND =', LONG7
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_8 = ', tINTEGER_8,' at KIND =', LONG8
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_9 = ', tINTEGER_9,' at KIND =', LONG9
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_10 = ', tINTEGER_10,' at KIND =', LONG10
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_11 = ', tINTEGER_11,' at KIND =', LONG11
write(*,*)' tINTEGER_12 = ', tINTEGER_12,' at KIND =', LONG12
write(*,*)' '

end subroutine test_sel_int_kind

end program test

如果我删除错误行，程序的输出看起来很完美：

./a.out

 Testing INTEGER SELECTED_REAL_KIND values
  longs1 =        32648  at KIND =           4
  longs2 =            0  at KIND =           4
  longs3 =      4202624  at KIND =           4
  longs4 =            0  at KIND =           4
  longs5 =           54  at KIND =           4
  longs6 =            0  at KIND =           4
  longs7 =                    54  at KIND =           8
  longs8 =       140223278864517  at KIND =           8
  longs9 =       140735383116288  at KIND =           8
  longs10 =   7595935609892856681  at KIND =           8
  longs11 =       140735383119738  at KIND =           8
  longs12 =                     7  at KIND =           8


 Testing INTEGER SELECTED_INT_KIND values
  tINTEGER_1 =     0  at KIND =           1
  tINTEGER_2 =     0  at KIND =           1
  tINTEGER_3 =       0  at KIND =           2
  tINTEGER_4 =      64  at KIND =           2
  tINTEGER_5 =            0  at KIND =           4
  tINTEGER_6 =           54  at KIND =           4
  tINTEGER_7 =            0  at KIND =           4
  tINTEGER_8 =           32  at KIND =           4
  tINTEGER_9 =            0  at KIND =           4
  tINTEGER_10 =   7595935609892856681  at KIND =           8
  tINTEGER_11 =       140735383119738  at KIND =           8
  tINTEGER_12 =                     7  at KIND =           8


 Testing REAL SELECTED_REAL_KIND values
  treal_1 =   4.57495923E-41
  treal_2 =    0.0000000
  treal_3 =   5.88913056E-39
  treal_4 =    0.0000000
  treal_5 =   7.56701171E-44
  treal_6 =    0.0000000
  treal_7 =   2.66795448754273134E-322
  treal_8 =   6.92795048341748080E-310
  treal_9 =   6.95325179520640954E-310
  treal_10 =   6.26338127621884380E+199
  treal_11 =   6.95325179537686219E-310
  treal_12 =   3.45845952088872581E-323

那么为什么我会得到这个错误呢？你能在你的机器上试一试，然后给我一些关于错误的背景信息吗？那会很好！

score 4 · Accepted Answer

触发警告的赋值语句的右侧是默认整数文字常量 - 它是默认整数，因为该文字没有尾随类型限定符。该常量的值超出了编译器的默认整数范围。

如果赋值语句是

tINTEGER_12 = 12345678911_LONG12

其中 _LONG12 指示整数文字常量的种类，警告应该消失。

作为一般规则，表达式的类型和种类（例如导致错误的赋值语句右侧的表达式）仅由表达式中的主元素和运算符确定，而不是在其中的上下文使用该表达式。

（您提供的程序似乎引用了许多未定义的变量。）

fortran - Fortran 95 中的长整数会导致“错误：整数对于同类而言太大”

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