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众所周知,在x86上,对于操作load()store()内存屏障memory_order_consume, memory_order_acquire, memory_order_release, memory_order_acq_rel,缓存和管道不需要处理器指令,而汇编代码总是对应于std::memory_order_relaxed,这些限制仅对编译器的优化是必要的:http://www. stdthread.co.uk/forum/index.php?topic=72.0

此代码反汇编代码证实了这一点store()(MSVS2012 x86_64):

std::atomic<int> a;
    a.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
000000013F931A0D  mov         dword ptr [a],0  
    a.store(1, std::memory_order_release);
000000013F931A15  mov         dword ptr [a],1  

但是这段代码并没有证实这一点load()MSVS2012 x86_64),使用lock cmpxchg

    int val = a.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
000000013F931A1D  prefetchw   [a]  
000000013F931A22  mov         eax,dword ptr [a]  
000000013F931A26  mov         edx,eax  
000000013F931A28  lock cmpxchg dword ptr [a],edx  
000000013F931A2E  jne         main+36h (013F931A26h)  

    std::cout << val << "\n";

安东尼威廉姆斯说

some_atomic.load(std::memory_order_acquire) 只是通过 一个简单的加载指令,而 some_atomic.store(std::memory_order_release) 直接通过一个简单的存储指令。

我在哪里错了,std::memory_order_acquire需要 x86/x86_64 上的处理器指令的语义还是像 Anthony Williams 所说lock cmpxchg的只有一个简单的加载指令?mov

解答:与此错误报告相同:http ://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/770885

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1 回答 1

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不。 的语义std::memory_order_acquire不需要 x86/x86_64 上的处理器指令。

x86_64 上的任何 load()/store() 操作都不需要处理器指令(lock/fence),除非atomic.store(val, std::memory_order_seq_cst);需要(LOCK) XCHG或替代:MOV (into memory),MFENCE.

x86(CAS 除外)以及 ARM 和 PowerPC 的处理器内存屏障指令:http: //www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pes20/cpp/cpp0xmappings.html

反汇编GCC 4.8.1 x86_64 - GDB - load()

    20      temp = a.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
    21      temp = a.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
    22      temp = a.load(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
0x46140b  <+0x007b>         mov    0x38(%rsp),%ebx
0x46140f  <+0x007f>         mov    0x34(%rsp),%esi
0x461413  <+0x0083>         mov    0x30(%rsp),%edx

反汇编GCC 4.8.1 x86_64 - GDB - store()

a.store(temp, std::memory_order_relaxed);
a.store(temp, std::memory_order_release);
a.store(temp, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
0x4613dc  <+0x004c>         mov    %eax,0x20(%rsp)
0x4613e0  <+0x0050>         mov    0x38(%rsp),%eax
0x4613e4  <+0x0054>         mov    %eax,0x20(%rsp)
0x4613e8  <+0x0058>         mov    0x38(%rsp),%eax
0x4613ec  <+0x005c>         mov    %eax,0x20(%rsp)
0x4613f0  <+0x0060>         mfence
0x4613f3  <+0x0063>         mov    %ebx,0x20(%rsp)

反汇编程序 MSVS 2012 x86_64 - load() - 与此错误报告相同:http ://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/770885 :

    temp = a.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
000000013FE51A1F  prefetchw   [a]  
000000013FE51A24  mov         eax,dword ptr [a]  
000000013FE51A28  nop         dword ptr [rax+rax]  
000000013FE51A30  mov         ecx,eax  
000000013FE51A32  lock cmpxchg dword ptr [a],ecx  
000000013FE51A38  jne         main+40h (013FE51A30h)  
000000013FE51A3A  mov         dword ptr [temp],eax  
    temp = a.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
000000013FE51A3E  prefetchw   [a]  
000000013FE51A43  mov         eax,dword ptr [a]  
000000013FE51A47  nop         word ptr [rax+rax]  
000000013FE51A50  mov         ecx,eax  
000000013FE51A52  lock cmpxchg dword ptr [a],ecx  
000000013FE51A58  jne         main+60h (013FE51A50h)  
000000013FE51A5A  mov         dword ptr [temp],eax  
    temp = a.load(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
000000013FE51A5E  prefetchw   [a]  
    temp = a.load(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
000000013FE51A63  mov         eax,dword ptr [a]  
000000013FE51A67  nop         word ptr [rax+rax]  
000000013FE51A70  mov         ecx,eax  
000000013FE51A72  lock cmpxchg dword ptr [a],ecx  
000000013FE51A78  jne         main+80h (013FE51A70h)  
000000013FE51A7A  mov         dword ptr [temp],eax  

反汇编程序 MSVS 2012 x86_64 - store()

    a.store(temp, std::memory_order_relaxed);
000000013F8C1A58  mov         eax,dword ptr [temp]  
000000013F8C1A5C  mov         dword ptr [a],eax  

    a.store(temp, std::memory_order_release);
000000013F8C1A60  mov         eax,dword ptr [temp]  
000000013F8C1A64  mov         dword ptr [a],eax  

    a.store(temp, std::memory_order_seq_cst);
000000013F8C1A68  mov         eax,dword ptr [temp]  
000000013F8C1A6C  xchg        eax,dword ptr [a]  
于 2013-09-05T13:22:06.053 回答