这段代码稍微粗略地探查了限制，每次测试参数列表大小时都会将参数列表的大小加倍。如果您愿意，您可以对其进行优化（因此它会在最后一次成功和第一次失败之间的范围内进行搜索），但很有可能它第一次正确地达到了限制。
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
enum { BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE = 1024 };
enum { BYTES_PER_MEBIBYTE = BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE * BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE };
enum { E_GOT_E2BIG = 37 };
enum { E_NOT_E2BIG = 219 };
static void sigchld_handler(int signum)
{
signal(signum, sigchld_handler);
}
int main(void)
{
signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld_handler);
for (int i = 4 * BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE; i < BYTES_PER_MEBIBYTE; i *= 2)
{
fflush(0);
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fork at %d\n", i);
return 1;
}
else if (pid == 0)
{
int self = getpid();
printf("Child: %d\n", self);
char *args[10] = { "ls" };
size_t bytes_per_arg = i / 8;
for (int j = 1; j < 9; j++)
{
args[j] = malloc(bytes_per_arg + 1);
if (args[j] == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate argument space at size %d\n", i);
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
memset(args[j], j + '0', bytes_per_arg);
args[j][bytes_per_arg] = '\0';
}
/* Close standard I/O channels so executed command doesn't spew forth */
int dev_null = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
if (dev_null < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open /dev/null for reading and writing\n");
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
int dev_stderr = dup(2);
if (dev_stderr < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to dup() standard error\n");
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
close(0);
dup(dev_null);
close(1);
dup(dev_null);
close(2);
dup(dev_null);
close(dev_null);
/* Execute ls on big file names -- error is ENAMETOOLONG */
execvp(args[0], args);
/* Reinstate standard error so we can report failure */
dup2(dev_stderr, 2);
int errnum = errno;
if (errnum == E2BIG)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%d: got E2BIG (%d: %s) at size %d\n", self, errnum, strerror(errnum), i);
exit(E_GOT_E2BIG);
}
fprintf(stderr, "%d: got errno %d (%s) at size %d\n", self, errnum, strerror(errnum), i);
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
else
{
int self = getpid();
int corpse;
int status;
int exit_loop = 0;
while ((corpse = waitpid(pid, &status, 0)) != -1)
{
if (!WIFEXITED(status))
printf("%d: child %d died with exit status 0x%.4X", self, corpse, status);
else
{
int statval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
printf("%d: child %d died with exit status %d: ", self, corpse, statval);
switch (statval)
{
case E_GOT_E2BIG:
printf("success: got E2BIG");
exit_loop = 1;
break;
case E_NOT_E2BIG:
printf("failed: indeterminate error in child");
break;
case 1:
printf("command exited with status 1 - it worked");
break;
default:
printf("unknown: unexpected exit status %d", statval);
break;
}
}
printf(" at size %d (%d KiB)\n", i, i / BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE);
fflush(stdout);
}
if (exit_loop)
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
样品运行：
46573: child 46575 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 4096 (4 KiB)
46573: child 46576 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 8192 (8 KiB)
46573: child 46577 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 16384 (16 KiB)
46573: child 46578 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 32768 (32 KiB)
46573: child 46579 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 65536 (64 KiB)
46573: child 46580 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 131072 (128 KiB)
46581: got E2BIG (7: Argument list too long) at size 262144
46573: child 46581 died with exit status 37: success: got E2BIG at size 262144 (256 KiB)
SIGCHLD 处理
SIGCHLD 处理代码无关紧要。这是上面代码的更精致的版本。它对参数列表的大小进行二进制搜索。在我的机器（Mac OS X 10.8.4）上，考虑到环境（算作参数大小的一部分），限制为 256 KiB。
/* SO 18559403: How big an argument list is allowed */
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
extern char **environ; /* Sometimes in <unistd.h> */
enum { BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE = 1024 };
enum { BYTES_PER_MEBIBYTE = BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE * BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE };
enum { E_GOT_E2BIG = 37 };
enum { E_NOT_E2BIG = 219 };
enum { R_TOO_LARGE = +1, R_TOO_SMALL = -1 };
static char *print_kib(int size, char *buffer, size_t buflen)
{
snprintf(buffer, buflen, "%d (%d KiB)", size, size / BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE);
return buffer;
}
static int test_arg_size(int size)
{
char buffer[32];
int result = R_TOO_SMALL;
assert(size % 8 == 0);
fflush(0);
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fork at size %s\n",
print_kib(size, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
exit(1);
}
else if (pid == 0)
{
int self = getpid();
printf("Child: %d\n", self);
char *args[10] = { "ls" };
size_t bytes_per_arg = size / 8;
for (int j = 1; j < 9; j++)
{
args[j] = malloc(bytes_per_arg);
if (args[j] == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate argument space at size %s\n",
print_kib(size, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
memset(args[j], j + '0', bytes_per_arg - 1);
args[j][bytes_per_arg - 1] = '\0';
}
/* Close standard I/O channels so executed command doesn't spew forth */
int dev_null = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
if (dev_null < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open /dev/null for reading and writing\n");
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
int dev_stderr = dup(2);
if (dev_stderr < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to dup() standard error\n");
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
close(0);
/*
** GCC on Linux generates warnings if you don't pay attention to
** the value returned by dup().
*/
int fd = dup(dev_null);
assert(fd == 0);
close(1);
fd = dup(dev_null);
assert(fd == 1);
close(2);
fd = dup(dev_null);
assert(fd == 2);
close(dev_null);
/* Execute ls on big file names -- error is ENAMETOOLONG */
execvp(args[0], args);
/* Reinstate standard error so we can report failure */
dup2(dev_stderr, 2);
int errnum = errno;
if (errnum == E2BIG)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%d: got E2BIG (%d: %s) at size %s\n",
self, errnum, strerror(errnum),
print_kib(size, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
exit(E_GOT_E2BIG);
}
fprintf(stderr, "%d: got errno %d (%s) at size %s\n",
self, errnum, strerror(errnum),
print_kib(size, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
exit(E_NOT_E2BIG);
}
else
{
int self = getpid();
int corpse;
int status;
while ((corpse = waitpid(pid, &status, 0)) != -1)
{
if (!WIFEXITED(status))
printf("%d: child %d died with exit status 0x%.4X",
self, corpse, status);
else
{
int statval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
printf("%d: child %d died with exit status %d: ",
self, corpse, statval);
switch (statval)
{
case E_GOT_E2BIG:
printf("success: got E2BIG");
result = R_TOO_LARGE;
break;
case E_NOT_E2BIG:
printf("failed: indeterminate error in child");
break;
/*
** ls on Mac OS X fails with 1 if it fails to find a
** file. On Linux, it exits with 1 for 'minor
** problems' (e.g. cannot access subdirectory).
** ls on Linux fails with 2 if it fails with 'serious
** trouble'; (e.g. if it can't find a file)
*/
case 1:
case 2:
printf("command exited with status %d - it worked", statval);
break;
default:
printf("unknown: unexpected exit status %d", statval);
break;
}
}
printf(" at size %s\n", print_kib(size, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
fflush(stdout);
}
}
return result;
}
static int env_size(void)
{
int size = 0;
for (char **ep = environ; *ep != 0; ep++)
size += strlen(*ep) + 1;
return size;
}
int main(void)
{
int env = env_size();
int lo = 0;
int hi = 4 * BYTES_PER_MEBIBYTE;
/* Binary search */
/* The kilobyte slop means termination does not have to be accurate */
while (lo + 1 * BYTES_PER_KIBIBYTE < hi)
{
int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
if (test_arg_size(mid) == R_TOO_LARGE)
hi = mid;
else
lo = mid;
}
char buffer1[32];
char buffer2[32];
printf("Environment size = %d\n", env);
printf("Best guess: maximum argument size in range %s to %s\n",
print_kib(lo + env, buffer1, sizeof(buffer1)),
print_kib(hi + env, buffer2, sizeof(buffer2)));
return 0;
}
更新于 2014 年 4 月 6 日：在 Linux 上编译和运行得更好，其中ls区分了退出状态 1 和 2 的小问题和严重问题，如果您没有捕获dup(). 还测试多达 4 MiB 的参数空间，高于之前的 1 MiB。hi（更改in的初始值main()以更改范围。）
注意与二分搜索相关的注释；通常，您用于mid ± 1确保终止搜索，但是当范围为 1 KiB 并且不与 ±1 混淆时，此搜索会终止，从而使数字“更简单”。不是计算机介意——不过我介意。这也是为什么起始范围是 0 MiB .. 1 MiB 而不是 4 KiB .. 1 MiB 的原因；它使数字保持清洁。
样品运行：
Child: 71822
71822: got E2BIG (7: Argument list too long) at size 524288 (512 KiB)
71821: child 71822 died with exit status 37: success: got E2BIG at size 524288 (512 KiB)
Child: 71823
71823: got E2BIG (7: Argument list too long) at size 262144 (256 KiB)
71821: child 71823 died with exit status 37: success: got E2BIG at size 262144 (256 KiB)
Child: 71824
71821: child 71824 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 131072 (128 KiB)
Child: 71825
71821: child 71825 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 196608 (192 KiB)
Child: 71826
71821: child 71826 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 229376 (224 KiB)
Child: 71827
71821: child 71827 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 245760 (240 KiB)
Child: 71828
71821: child 71828 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 253952 (248 KiB)
Child: 71829
71821: child 71829 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 258048 (252 KiB)
Child: 71830
71830: got E2BIG (7: Argument list too long) at size 260096 (254 KiB)
71821: child 71830 died with exit status 37: success: got E2BIG at size 260096 (254 KiB)
Child: 71831
71821: child 71831 died with exit status 1: command exited with status 1 - it worked at size 259072 (253 KiB)
Environment size = 2124
Best guess: maximum argument size in range 261196 (255 KiB) to 262220 (256 KiB)