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我目前正在尝试修复python书籍“Python下一步”中的一个错误,作者没有修复该错误并在代码中留下了评论:“稍后修复”

我的第一个解决方案失败了,但第二个解决方案通过删除循环成功。问题是我无法弄清楚为什么第一个解决方案失败了!

解决方案1:

当用户使用循环单击在 Tkinter 中制作的计算器中的按钮时,Button 对象和名为 click 的函数只会从 lambda 参数中打印大写 C。我在谈论。

解决方案2:

删除生成按钮的循环并重复手动编码每个按钮!这很有效,正如 Brian kernighan 建议的那样:在提高效率之前先让它工作!

代码:

# myCalculator3_final.py

from Tkinter import *
from decimal import *

# key press function:
def click(key):
        display.insert(END, key)


##### main:
window = Tk()
window.title("MyCalculator")

# create top_row frame
top_row = Frame(window)
top_row.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=N)

# use Entry widget for an editable display
display = Entry(top_row, width=45, bg="light green")
display.grid()

# create num_pad_frame
num_pad = Frame(window)
num_pad.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=W)

# This method of passing an argument to click work! Loop removed and buttons hand code
#>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# create num_pad buttons passing an argument to the command function click
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------   
seven = Button(num_pad, text="7", width=5, command=lambda :click("7"))
seven.grid(row=0,column=0)
eight = Button(num_pad, text="8", width=5, command=lambda :click("8"))
eight.grid(row=0,column=1)
nine= Button(num_pad, text="9", width=5, command=lambda :click("9"))
nine.grid(row=0,column=2)
four= Button(num_pad, text="4", width=5, command=lambda :click("4"))
four.grid(row=1,column=0)
five= Button(num_pad, text="5", width=5, command=lambda :click("5"))
five.grid(row=1,column=1)
six= Button(num_pad, text="6", width=5, command=lambda :click("6"))
six.grid(row=1,column=2)
one= Button(num_pad, text="1", width=5, command=lambda :click("1"))
one.grid(row=2,column=0)
two= Button(num_pad, text="2", width=5, command=lambda :click("2"))
two.grid(row=2,column=1)
three= Button(num_pad, text="3", width=5, command=lambda :click("3"))
three.grid(row=2,column=2)
zero= Button(num_pad, text="0", width=5, command=lambda :click("0"))
zero.grid(row=2,column=0)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------   



# calculate the row, column for button

# create operator_frame
operator = Frame(window)
operator.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=E)

operator_list = [
'*', '/',  
'+', '-',
'(', ')',
'C' ]

# The authors code and I have added  the same lambda function as above but 
#it just prints out capital C
#>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
r = 0
c = 0
for btn_text in operator_list:
    Button(operator, text=btn_text, width=5, command=lambda: click(btn_text)).grid(row=r,column=c)
    c = c+1
    if c > 1:
        c = 0
        r = r+1


##### Run mainloop
window.mainloop()

问题:

为什么单击传递参数的 lambda 调用方法在循环中不起作用并且只显示 C 但如果我删除循环它会起作用!

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1 回答 1

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在这条线上:

Button(operator, text=btn_text, width=5, command=lambda: click(btn_text)).grid(row=r,column=c)

lambda 内的值btn_text不会被其当前值冻结。相反,当btn_text循环的下一次迭代发生变化时,它在 lambda 中计算的值也会发生变化。这意味着您的所有按钮实际上都有一个click('C')命令,因为'C'是 的最终值btn_text

你可以做:

command=lambda text=btn_text: click(text)

或者

command=(lambda text: lambda: click(text))(btn_text)

text将捕获 的当前值btn_text,之后不会更改。您的命令将使用正确的参数调用。

于 2013-08-29T12:13:01.543 回答