给定这样的数据(在 RDF/XML 中):
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:pizzas="http://example.org/pizzas#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://example.org/pizzas"/>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://example.org/pizzas#Pizza"/>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://example.org/pizzas#Human"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://example.org/pizzas#hasPizza">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://example.org/pizzas#Human"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://example.org/pizzas#Pizza"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://example.org/pizzas#Jim">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/pizzas#Human"/>
<pizzas:hasPizza>
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://example.org/pizzas#CheesePizza">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/pizzas#Pizza"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
</pizzas:hasPizza>
</owl:NamedIndividual>
</rdf:RDF>
或相同,在更具可读性的 Turtle 中:
@prefix : <http://example.org/pizzas#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix pizzas: <http://example.org/pizzas#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
pizzas:Jim
a pizzas:Human , owl:NamedIndividual ;
pizzas:hasPizza pizzas:CheesePizza .
pizzas:hasPizza
a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain pizzas:Human ;
rdfs:range pizzas:Pizza .
pizzas:Human
a owl:Class .
pizzas:Pizza
a owl:Class .
<http://example.org/pizzas>
a owl:Ontology .
pizzas:CheesePizza
a pizzas:Pizza , owl:NamedIndividual .
请注意,该断言Jim hasPizza CheesePizza
在图中是一个三元组。对象属性的域和范围公理hasPizza
是两个三元组:hasPizza rdfs:domain Human
和hasPizza rdfs:range Pizza
。SPARQL 查询将查询模式与图中的三元组进行匹配。因此,从如下查询:
prefix : <http://example.org/pizzas#>
select ?x ?y where {
?x :hasPizza ?y
}
你会得到诸如
$ arq --data pizzas.ttl --query query.sparql
-----------------------
| x | y |
=======================
| :Jim | :CheesePizza |
-----------------------
因为图中有一个三元组的谓词是:hasPizza
,并且该三元组以 a:Jim
作为主语和:CheesePizza
宾语。听起来您实际上是在询问:hasPizza
属性的域和范围,这也很容易检索。使用这样的查询:
prefix : <http://example.org/pizzas#>
prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
select ?domain ?range where {
:hasPizza rdfs:domain ?domain ;
rdfs:range ?range .
}
你会得到这样的结果:
$ arq --data pizzas.ttl --query query.sparql
-------------------
| domain | range |
===================
| :Human | :Pizza |
-------------------