我想做一个看起来像从浏览器发布的 HMTL 表单的 HTTP POST。具体来说,发布一些文本字段和一个文件字段。
发布文本字段很简单,net/http rdocs 中有一个示例,但我不知道如何发布文件。
Net::HTTP 看起来不是最好的主意。路边看起来不错。
我喜欢RestClient。它用多部分表单数据等很酷的特性封装了 net/http:
require 'rest_client'
RestClient.post('http://localhost:3000/foo',
:name_of_file_param => File.new('/path/to/file'))
它还支持流式传输。
gem install rest-client
会让你开始。
关于 Nick Sieger 的 multipart-post 库,我不能说太多好话。
它增加了对直接向 Net::HTTP 的多部分发布的支持,您无需手动担心边界或大型库的目标可能与您自己的目标不同。
下面是一个关于如何从README中使用它的小例子:
require 'net/http/post/multipart'
url = URI.parse('http://www.example.com/upload')
File.open("./image.jpg") do |jpg|
req = Net::HTTP::Post::Multipart.new url.path,
"file" => UploadIO.new(jpg, "image/jpeg", "image.jpg")
res = Net::HTTP.start(url.host, url.port) do |http|
http.request(req)
end
end
你可以在这里查看图书馆:http: //github.com/nicksieger/multipart-post
或安装它:
$ sudo gem install multipart-post
如果您通过 SSL 连接,则需要像这样启动连接:
n = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
n.use_ssl = true
# for debugging dev server
#n.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
res = n.start do |http|
另一个只使用标准库:
uri = URI('https://some.end.point/some/path')
request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
request['Authorization'] = 'If you need some headers'
form_data = [['photos', photo.tempfile]] # or File.open() in case of local file
request.set_form form_data, 'multipart/form-data'
response = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port, use_ssl: true) do |http| # pay attention to use_ssl if you need it
http.request(request)
end
尝试了很多方法,但只有这对我有用。
curb
看起来是一个很好的解决方案,但如果它不能满足您的需求,您可以使用Net::HTTP
. 多部分表单帖子只是一个经过仔细格式化的字符串,带有一些额外的标题。似乎每个需要编写多部分文章的 Ruby 程序员最终都会为它编写自己的小库,这让我想知道为什么这个功能不是内置的。也许是......无论如何,为了您的阅读乐趣,我会继续在这里给出我的解决方案。此代码基于我在几个博客上找到的示例,但我很遗憾再也找不到链接。所以我想我只需要为自己承担所有的功劳......
我为此编写的模块包含一个公共类,用于从String
和File
对象的哈希中生成表单数据和标题。例如,如果您想发布一个带有名为“title”的字符串参数和一个名为“document”的文件参数的表单,您将执行以下操作:
#prepare the query
data, headers = Multipart::Post.prepare_query("title" => my_string, "document" => my_file)
然后你只需做一个正常POST
的Net::HTTP
:
http = Net::HTTP.new(upload_uri.host, upload_uri.port)
res = http.start {|con| con.post(upload_uri.path, data, headers) }
或者你想做的其他事情POST
。关键是Multipart
返回您需要发送的数据和标头。就是这样!很简单,对吧?这是 Multipart 模块的代码(您需要mime-types
gem):
# Takes a hash of string and file parameters and returns a string of text
# formatted to be sent as a multipart form post.
#
# Author:: Cody Brimhall <mailto:brimhall@somuchwit.com>
# Created:: 22 Feb 2008
# License:: Distributed under the terms of the WTFPL (http://www.wtfpl.net/txt/copying/)
require 'rubygems'
require 'mime/types'
require 'cgi'
module Multipart
VERSION = "1.0.0"
# Formats a given hash as a multipart form post
# If a hash value responds to :string or :read messages, then it is
# interpreted as a file and processed accordingly; otherwise, it is assumed
# to be a string
class Post
# We have to pretend we're a web browser...
USERAGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/523.10.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0.4 Safari/523.10.6"
BOUNDARY = "0123456789ABLEWASIEREISAWELBA9876543210"
CONTENT_TYPE = "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{ BOUNDARY }"
HEADER = { "Content-Type" => CONTENT_TYPE, "User-Agent" => USERAGENT }
def self.prepare_query(params)
fp = []
params.each do |k, v|
# Are we trying to make a file parameter?
if v.respond_to?(:path) and v.respond_to?(:read) then
fp.push(FileParam.new(k, v.path, v.read))
# We must be trying to make a regular parameter
else
fp.push(StringParam.new(k, v))
end
end
# Assemble the request body using the special multipart format
query = fp.collect {|p| "--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n" + p.to_multipart }.join("") + "--" + BOUNDARY + "--"
return query, HEADER
end
end
private
# Formats a basic string key/value pair for inclusion with a multipart post
class StringParam
attr_accessor :k, :v
def initialize(k, v)
@k = k
@v = v
end
def to_multipart
return "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"#{CGI::escape(k)}\"\r\n\r\n#{v}\r\n"
end
end
# Formats the contents of a file or string for inclusion with a multipart
# form post
class FileParam
attr_accessor :k, :filename, :content
def initialize(k, filename, content)
@k = k
@filename = filename
@content = content
end
def to_multipart
# If we can tell the possible mime-type from the filename, use the
# first in the list; otherwise, use "application/octet-stream"
mime_type = MIME::Types.type_for(filename)[0] || MIME::Types["application/octet-stream"][0]
return "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"#{CGI::escape(k)}\"; filename=\"#{ filename }\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: #{ mime_type.simplified }\r\n\r\n#{ content }\r\n"
end
end
end
这是我在尝试了这篇文章中可用的其他解决方案后的解决方案,我正在使用它在 TwitPic 上上传照片:
def upload(photo)
`curl -F media=@#{photo.path} -F username=#{@username} -F password=#{@password} -F message='#{photo.title}' http://twitpic.com/api/uploadAndPost`
end
快进到 2017 年,ruby
stdlib
net/http
自 1.9.3 起内置此功能
Net::HTTPRequest#set_form):添加以支持 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 和 multipart/form-data。
https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.3.1/libdoc/net/http/rdoc/Net/HTTPHeader.html#method-i-set_form
我们甚至可以使用IO
which 不支持:size
流式传输表单数据。
希望这个答案真的可以帮助某人:)
PS 我只在 ruby 2.3.1 中测试过这个
好的,这是一个使用遏制的简单示例。
require 'yaml'
require 'curb'
# prepare post data
post_data = fields_hash.map { |k, v| Curl::PostField.content(k, v.to_s) }
post_data << Curl::PostField.file('file', '/path/to/file'),
# post
c = Curl::Easy.new('http://localhost:3000/foo')
c.multipart_form_post = true
c.http_post(post_data)
# print response
y [c.response_code, c.body_str]
NetHttp 的解决方案有一个缺点,即在发布大文件时,它首先将整个文件加载到内存中。
在玩了一下之后,我想出了以下解决方案:
class Multipart
def initialize( file_names )
@file_names = file_names
end
def post( to_url )
boundary = '----RubyMultipartClient' + rand(1000000).to_s + 'ZZZZZ'
parts = []
streams = []
@file_names.each do |param_name, filepath|
pos = filepath.rindex('/')
filename = filepath[pos + 1, filepath.length - pos]
parts << StringPart.new ( "--" + boundary + "\r\n" +
"Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + param_name.to_s + "\"; filename=\"" + filename + "\"\r\n" +
"Content-Type: video/x-msvideo\r\n\r\n")
stream = File.open(filepath, "rb")
streams << stream
parts << StreamPart.new (stream, File.size(filepath))
end
parts << StringPart.new ( "\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n" )
post_stream = MultipartStream.new( parts )
url = URI.parse( to_url )
req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(url.path)
req.content_length = post_stream.size
req.content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary
req.body_stream = post_stream
res = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port).start {|http| http.request(req) }
streams.each do |stream|
stream.close();
end
res
end
end
class StreamPart
def initialize( stream, size )
@stream, @size = stream, size
end
def size
@size
end
def read ( offset, how_much )
@stream.read ( how_much )
end
end
class StringPart
def initialize ( str )
@str = str
end
def size
@str.length
end
def read ( offset, how_much )
@str[offset, how_much]
end
end
class MultipartStream
def initialize( parts )
@parts = parts
@part_no = 0;
@part_offset = 0;
end
def size
total = 0
@parts.each do |part|
total += part.size
end
total
end
def read ( how_much )
if @part_no >= @parts.size
return nil;
end
how_much_current_part = @parts[@part_no].size - @part_offset
how_much_current_part = if how_much_current_part > how_much
how_much
else
how_much_current_part
end
how_much_next_part = how_much - how_much_current_part
current_part = @parts[@part_no].read(@part_offset, how_much_current_part )
if how_much_next_part > 0
@part_no += 1
@part_offset = 0
next_part = read ( how_much_next_part )
current_part + if next_part
next_part
else
''
end
else
@part_offset += how_much_current_part
current_part
end
end
end
还有 nick sieger 的multipart-post添加到可能的解决方案的长列表中。
我有同样的问题(需要发布到 jboss 网络服务器)。Curb 对我来说很好,除了当我在代码中使用会话变量时它导致 ruby 崩溃(ubuntu 8.10 上的 ruby 1.8.7)。
我深入研究了其余客户端文档,找不到多部分支持的迹象。我尝试了上面的 rest-client 示例,但 jboss 说 http 帖子不是多部分的。
multipart-post gem 与 Rails 4 Net::HTTP 配合得很好,没有其他特殊的 gem
def model_params
require_params = params.require(:model).permit(:param_one, :param_two, :param_three, :avatar)
require_params[:avatar] = model_params[:avatar].present? ? UploadIO.new(model_params[:avatar].tempfile, model_params[:avatar].content_type, model_params[:avatar].original_filename) : nil
require_params
end
require 'net/http/post/multipart'
url = URI.parse('http://www.example.com/upload')
Net::HTTP.start(url.host, url.port) do |http|
req = Net::HTTP::Post::Multipart.new(url, model_params)
key = "authorization_key"
req.add_field("Authorization", key) #add to Headers
http.use_ssl = (url.scheme == "https")
http.request(req)
end