40

我正在使用一个 oracle 表,并在四列上创建了一个唯一约束。约束中的这些列可以包含 NULL 吗?

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3 回答 3

69

除非列指定为 NOT NULL,否则列中可以包含 NULL。但是,您将只能存储一个 NULL 实例(除非所有列都是 NULL,否则不允许两组相同的列):

SQL> CREATE TABLE t (id1 NUMBER, id2 NUMBER);

Table created
SQL> ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT u_t UNIQUE (id1, id2);

Table altered
SQL> INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, NULL);

1 row inserted
SQL> INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, NULL);

INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, NULL)

ORA-00001: unique constraint (VNZ.U_T) violated

SQL> /* you can insert two sets of NULL, NULL however */
SQL> INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL, NULL);

1 row inserted
SQL> INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL, NULL);

1 row inserted
于 2009-12-03T17:16:43.350 回答
5

是的,Oracle 允许 UNIQUE 约束包含具有 NULL 内容的列,但 PRIMARY KEY 约束不能包含包含 NULL 值的列。(已编辑:是“...可为空的列...”,但我下面的示例表明这不是真的。PK 中的列可以定义为可为空,但不能包含 NULL。)

UNIQUE 约束和 PRIMARY KEY 约束不能具有相同的列。

SQL> create table stest (col1 integer not null, col2 integer null);

Table created.

SQL> alter table stest add constraint stest_uq unique (col1, col2);

Table altered.

SQL> insert into stest values (1, 3);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into stest values (1, null);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into stest values (1, null);
insert into stest values (1, null)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SUSAN_INT.STEST_UQ) violated

SQL> insert into stest values (2, null);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from stest;

      COL1       COL2
---------- ----------
         1          3
         1
         2

SQL> alter table stest add constraint stest_pk PRIMARY KEY (col1, col2);
alter table stest add constraint stest_pk PRIMARY KEY (col1, col2)
                                                             *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01449: column contains NULL values; cannot alter to NOT NULL

SQL> truncate table stest;

Table truncated.

SQL> alter table stest add constraint stest_pk PRIMARY KEY (col1, col2);
alter table stest add constraint stest_pk PRIMARY KEY (col1, col2)
                                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02261: such unique or primary key already exists in the table

SQL> alter table stest drop constraint stest_uq;

Table altered.

SQL> alter table stest add constraint stest_pk PRIMARY KEY (col1, col2);

Table altered.
于 2009-12-03T17:15:56.673 回答
2

Oracle 中认为两个空值不相等,因此这些列中可以包含空值。

于 2009-12-03T17:14:25.233 回答