See the docs at "Include and exclude rules, Extra schemes". for a script to run on blank tabs, you must now explicitly set @include about:blank.
For example:
// ==UserScript==
// @name _Very noisy script
// @include about:blank
// @include *
// ==/UserScript==
alert ("Fire on blank");
However, Firefox now uses about:newtab by default, and Greasemonkey currently doesn't consider about:newtab to be "Greaseable". (It should though, and I'll look into getting a pull-request accepted for this.)
So, to get scripts firing on blank tabs, you currently must set those blank tabs back to using about:blank.
Do that by opening about:config and setting browser.newtab.url to about:blank.