当我创建一个文件 describe.Rnw 如下：
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
<<results='asis'>>=
require(Hmisc)
latex(describe(cars), file="")
@
\end{document}
并尝试编译它
library(knitr)
knit2pdf("describe.Rnw")
我收到错误消息，提示由 latex(describe()) 组合创建的乳胶存在语法错误：
LaTeX errors:
P:/r/ellisp/test/describe.tex:65: LaTeX Error: Environment spacing undefined.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help
Your command was ignored.
P:/r/ellisp/test/describe.tex:131: LaTeX Error: \begin{document} ended by \end{
spacing}.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
我可以看到它生成的乳胶，粘贴在下面 - 可能是行间距有问题，混淆了解析？我的整个设置是新的（实际上处于测试模式），虽然我已经成功编译了文档，但我是 knitr 的新手，但我不知道我的设置是否也可能有问题。我的第一个问题是，我做错了什么还是这是一个更普遍的问题？
> latex(describe(cars), file="")
\begin{spacing}{0.7}
\begin{center}\textbf{ cars \\ 2 Variables~~~~~ 50 ~Observations}\end{center}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip{\small
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{speed}
{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&19&15.4& 7.0& 8.9&12.0&15.0&19.0&23.1&24.0 \end{tabular}
\begin{verbatim}
4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25
Frequency 2 2 1 1 3 2 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 5 1 1 4 1
% 4 4 2 2 6 4 8 8 8 6 4 6 8 6 10 2 2 8 2
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{dist}\setlength{\unitlength}{0.001in}\hfill\begin{picture}(1.5,.1)(1500,0)\linethickness{0.6pt}
\put(0,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(15,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(90,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(150,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(165,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(180,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(195,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(225,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(240,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(270,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(300,0){\line(0,1){100}}
\put(330,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(375,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(405,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(420,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(480,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(495,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(555,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(570,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(600,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(630,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(660,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(675,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(735,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(780,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(810,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(825,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(855,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(930,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(990,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1035,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1050,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1140,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1155,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1485,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\end{picture}
{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&35&42.98&10.00&15.80&26.00&36.00&56.00&80.40&88.85 \end{tabular}
\begin{verbatim}
lowest : 2 4 10 14 16, highest: 84 85 92 93 120
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
}\end{spacing}
这是我的会话信息：
sessionInfo() R 版本 3.0.1 (2013-05-16) 平台：x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_New Zealand.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_New Zealand.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_New Zealand.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_New Zealand.1252
attached base packages:
[1] splines graphics datasets grid stats grDevices utils
[8] methods base
other attached packages:
[1] x12_1.1-0 tseries_0.10-32 stringr_0.6.2 lubridate_1.3.0
[5] tables_0.7 Hmisc_3.12-2 Formula_1.1-1 survival_2.37-4
[9] stargazer_4.0 knitr_1.2 proto_0.3-10 extrafont_0.14
[13] Defaults_1.1-1 scales_0.2.3 reshape2_1.2.2 plyr_1.8
[17] ggplot2_0.9.3.1 foreign_0.8-53 mvtnorm_0.9-9995
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] cluster_1.14.4 codetools_0.2-8 colorspace_1.2-2 dichromat_2.0-0
[5] digest_0.6.3 evaluate_0.4.4 formatR_0.9 gtable_0.1.2
[9] labeling_0.2 lattice_0.20-15 MASS_7.3-27 munsell_0.4.2
[13] quadprog_1.5-5 RColorBrewer_1.0-5 rpart_4.1-1 Rttf2pt1_1.2
[17] tools_3.0.1 zoo_1.7-10
编辑 - 这是由 knitr 创建的 describe.tex 文档。
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{graphicx, color}
%% maxwidth is the original width if it is less than linewidth
%% otherwise use linewidth (to make sure the graphics do not exceed the margin)
\makeatletter
\def\maxwidth{ %
\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth
\linewidth
\else
\Gin@nat@width
\fi
}
\makeatother
\definecolor{fgcolor}{rgb}{0.2, 0.2, 0.2}
\newcommand{\hlnumber}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlfunctioncall}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.501960784313725,0,0.329411764705882}{\textbf{#1}}}%
\newcommand{\hlstring}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.6,0.6,1}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlkeyword}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{\textbf{#1}}}%
\newcommand{\hlargument}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.690196078431373,0.250980392156863,0.0196078431372549}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlcomment}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.180392156862745,0.6,0.341176470588235}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlroxygencomment}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.43921568627451,0.47843137254902,0.701960784313725}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlformalargs}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.690196078431373,0.250980392156863,0.0196078431372549}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hleqformalargs}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.690196078431373,0.250980392156863,0.0196078431372549}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlassignement}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{\textbf{#1}}}%
\newcommand{\hlpackage}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.588235294117647,0.709803921568627,0.145098039215686}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlslot}[1]{\textit{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlsymbol}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{#1}}%
\newcommand{\hlprompt}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.2,0.2,0.2}{#1}}%
\usepackage{framed}
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{kframe}{%
\def\at@end@of@kframe{}%
\ifinner\ifhmode%
\def\at@end@of@kframe{\end{minipage}}%
\begin{minipage}{\columnwidth}%
\fi\fi%
\def\FrameCommand##1{\hskip\@totalleftmargin \hskip-\fboxsep
\colorbox{shadecolor}{##1}\hskip-\fboxsep
% There is no \\@totalrightmargin, so:
\hskip-\linewidth \hskip-\@totalleftmargin \hskip\columnwidth}%
\MakeFramed {\advance\hsize-\width
\@totalleftmargin\z@ \linewidth\hsize
\@setminipage}}%
{\par\unskip\endMakeFramed%
\at@end@of@kframe}
\makeatother
\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{.97, .97, .97}
\definecolor{messagecolor}{rgb}{0, 0, 0}
\definecolor{warningcolor}{rgb}{1, 0, 1}
\definecolor{errorcolor}{rgb}{1, 0, 0}
\newenvironment{knitrout}{}{} % an empty environment to be redefined in TeX
\usepackage{alltt}
\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
\begin{document}
\begin{kframe}
\begin{alltt}
\hlfunctioncall{require}(Hmisc)
\hlfunctioncall{latex}(\hlfunctioncall{describe}(cars), file = \hlstring{""})
\end{alltt}
\end{kframe}\begin{spacing}{0.7}
\begin{center}\textbf{ cars \\ 2 Variables~~~~~ 50 ~Observations}\end{center}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip{\small
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{speed}
{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&19&15.4& 7.0& 8.9&12.0&15.0&19.0&23.1&24.0 \end{tabular}
\begin{verbatim}
4 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25
Frequency 2 2 1 1 3 2 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 5 1 1 4 1
% 4 4 2 2 6 4 8 8 8 6 4 6 8 6 10 2 2 8 2
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
\vbox{\noindent\textbf{dist}\setlength{\unitlength}{0.001in}\hfill\begin{picture}(1.5,.1)(1500,0)\linethickness{0.6pt}
\put(0,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(15,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(90,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(150,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(165,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(180,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(195,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(225,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(240,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(270,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(300,0){\line(0,1){100}}
\put(330,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(375,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(405,0){\line(0,1){75}}
\put(420,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(480,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(495,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(555,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(570,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(600,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(630,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(660,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(675,0){\line(0,1){50}}
\put(735,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(780,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(810,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(825,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(855,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(930,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(990,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1035,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1050,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1140,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1155,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\put(1485,0){\line(0,1){25}}
\end{picture}
{\smaller
\begin{tabular}{ rrrrrrrrrrr }
n&missing&unique&Mean&.05&.10&.25&.50&.75&.90&.95 \\
50&0&35&42.98&10.00&15.80&26.00&36.00&56.00&80.40&88.85 \end{tabular}
\begin{verbatim}
lowest : 2 4 10 14 16, highest: 84 85 92 93 120
\end{verbatim}
}
\smallskip\hrule\smallskip
}
}\end{spacing}
\end{document}