2

我有一个包含多行文本的 txt 文件 (myText.txt)。

我想知道 ：

  • 如何创建需要删除的单词列表（我想自己设置单词）
  • 如何创建需要替换的单词列表

例如，如果 myText.txt 是：

    The ancient Romans influenced countries and civilizations in the following centuries.  
Their language, Latin, became the basis for many other European languages. They stayed in Roma for 3 month.
  • 我想删除“the”“and”“in” 我想用“old”替换“ancient”
  • 我想用“年”代替“月”和“世纪”
4

3 回答 3

3

你总是可以使用正则表达式：

import re

st='''\
The ancient Romans influenced countries and civilizations in the following centuries.  
Their language, Latin, became the basis for many other European languages. They stayed in Roma for 3 month.'''

deletions=('and','in','the')
repl={"ancient": "old", "month":"years", "centuries":"years"}

tgt='|'.join(r'\b{}\b'.format(e) for e in deletions)
st=re.sub(tgt,'',st)
for word in repl:
    tgt=r'\b{}\b'.format(word)
    st=re.sub(tgt,repl[word],st)


print st
于 2013-08-20T03:38:09.497 回答
2

这应该可以解决问题。您使用列表来存储要删除的对象，然后遍历列表并从内容字符串中删除列表中的每个元素。然后，您使用字典来存储您现在拥有的单词以及要替换它们的单词。您还可以遍历这些并用替换词替换当前词。 

def replace():
    contents = ""
    deleteWords = ["the ", "and ", "in "]
    replaceWords = {"ancient": "old", "month":"years", "centuries":"years"}

    with open("meText.txt") as f:
    contents = f.read()
    for word in deleteWords:
    contents = contents.replace(word,"")

    for key, value in replaceWords.iteritems():
    contents = contents.replace(key, value)
    return contents
于 2013-08-20T03:08:40.577 回答
2

使用列表进行删除，使用字典进行替换。它应该看起来像这样：

 def processTextFile(filename_in, filename_out, delWords, repWords):


    with open(filename_in, "r") as sourcefile:
        for line in sourcefile:
            for item in delWords:
                line = line.replace(item, "")
            for key,value in repWords.items():
                line = line.replace(key,value)

            with open(filename_out, "a") as outfile:
                outfile.write(line)



if __name__ == "__main__":
    delWords = []
    repWords = {}

    delWords.extend(["the ", "and ", "in "])
    repWords["ancient"] = "old"
    repWords["month"] = "years"
    repWords["centuries"] = "years"

    processTextFile("myText.txt", "myOutText.txt", delWords, repWords)

请注意，这是为 Python 3.3.2 编写的，这就是我使用 items() 的原因。如果使用 Python 2.x，请使用 iteritems()，因为我认为它更有效，尤其是对于大型文本文件。

于 2013-08-20T03:47:39.387 回答