如何获取 Python 中引发的异常的名称?
例如,
try:
foo = bar
except Exception as exception:
name_of_exception = ???
assert name_of_exception == 'NameError'
print "Failed with exception [%s]" % name_of_exception
例如,我正在捕获多个(或全部)异常,并希望在错误消息中打印异常的名称。
以下是获取异常类名称的几种不同方法:
type(exception).__name__
exception.__class__.__name__
exception.__class__.__qualname__
例如,
try:
foo = bar
except Exception as exception:
assert type(exception).__name__ == 'NameError'
assert exception.__class__.__name__ == 'NameError'
assert exception.__class__.__qualname__ == 'NameError'
如果您想要完全限定的类名(例如sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError
,而不仅仅是IntegrityError
),您可以使用下面的函数,我从MB对另一个问题的精彩回答中获取(我只是重命名了一些变量以适合我的口味):
def get_full_class_name(obj):
module = obj.__class__.__module__
if module is None or module == str.__class__.__module__:
return obj.__class__.__name__
return module + '.' + obj.__class__.__name__
例子:
try:
# <do something with sqlalchemy that angers the database>
except sqlalchemy.exc.SQLAlchemyError as e:
print(get_full_class_name(e))
# sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError
您也可以使用sys.exc_info()
. exc_info()
返回 3 个值:类型、值、回溯。关于文档:https ://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info
import sys
try:
foo = bar
except Exception:
exc_type, value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
assert exc_type.__name__ == 'NameError'
print "Failed with exception [%s]" % exc_type.__name__
这行得通,但似乎必须有一种更简单、更直接的方法?
try:
foo = bar
except Exception as exception:
assert repr(exception) == '''NameError("name 'bar' is not defined",)'''
name = repr(exception).split('(')[0]
assert name == 'NameError'
您可以使用一些格式化的字符串打印异常:
例子:
try:
#Code to execute
except Exception as err:
print(f"{type(err).__name__} was raised: {err}")
这里的其他答案非常适合探索,但如果主要目标是记录异常(包括异常的名称),或许可以考虑使用logging.exception而不是 print?