看起来struct
是更快的方法:
11:01:56 ~/try
> g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp ; ./a.out
in 2265 ms, functor as a struct result = 1.5708e+16
in 31855 ms, functor through bind result = 1.5708e+16
11:02:33 ~/try
> clang++ -std=c++11 main.cpp ; ./a.out
in 3484 ms, functor as a struct result = 1.5708e+16
in 21081 ms, functor through bind result = 1.5708e+16
编码:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;
using namespace std::placeholders;
using namespace std::chrono;
struct fs {
double s;
fs(double state) : s(state) {}
double operator()(double x) {
return x*s;
}
};
double fb(double x, double state) {
return x*state;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
double state=3.1415926;
const auto stp1 = system_clock::now();
fs fstruct(state);
double sresult;
for(double x=0.0; x< 1.0e8; ++x) {
sresult += fstruct(x);
}
const auto stp2 = high_resolution_clock::now();
const auto sd = duration_cast<milliseconds>(stp2 - stp1);
cout << "in " << sd.count() << " ms, ";
cout << "functor as a struct result = " << sresult << endl;
const auto btp1 = system_clock::now();
auto fbind = bind(fb, _1, state);
double bresult;
for(double x=0.0; x< 1.0e8; ++x) {
bresult += fbind(x);
}
const auto btp2 = high_resolution_clock::now();
const auto bd = duration_cast<milliseconds>(btp2 - btp1);
cout << "in " << bd.count() << " ms, ";
cout << "functor through bind result = " << bresult << endl;
return 0;
}
更新 (1)
也可以将函数作为函数对象:
struct fbs {
double operator()(double x, double state) const {
return x*state;
}
};
在 main.cpp 中:
const auto bstp1 = system_clock::now();
auto fbindstruct = bind(fbs(), _1, state);
double bsresult;
for(double x=0.0; x< 1.0e8; ++x) {
bsresult += fbindstruct(x);
}
const auto bstp2 = high_resolution_clock::now();
const auto bsd = duration_cast<milliseconds>(bstp2 - bstp1);
cout << "in " << bsd.count() << " ms, ";
cout << "functor through bind-struct result = " << bsresult << endl;
没有改变速度:
> g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp ; ./a.out
hi
in 2178 ms, functor as a struct result = 1.5708e+16
in 31972 ms, functor through bind result = 1.5708e+16
in 32083 ms, functor through bind-struct result = 1.5708e+16
12:15:27 ~/try
> clang++ -std=c++11 main.cpp ; ./a.out
hi
in 3758 ms, functor as a struct result = 1.5708e+16
in 23503 ms, functor through bind result = 1.5708e+16
in 23508 ms, functor through bind-struct result = 1.5708e+16
更新 (2)
在相似的时间添加优化结果:
> g++ -std=c++11 -O2 main.cpp ; ./a.out
hi
in 536 ms, functor as a struct result = 1.5708e+16
in 510 ms, functor through bind result = 1.5708e+16
in 472 ms, functor through bind-struct result = 1.5708e+16
12:31:33 ~/try
> clang++ -std=c++11 -O2 main.cpp ; ./a.out
hi
in 388 ms, functor as a struct result = 1.5708e+16
in 419 ms, functor through bind result = 1.5708e+16
in 456 ms, functor through bind-struct result = 3.14159e+16
GCC 4.8.1 和 Clang 3.3
注意Clang 3.3 为“bind-struct”情况给出了错误的结果
更新(3)
有更多的性能测试是否有一个基于宏的适配器来从一个类中创建一个仿函数?