25

我正在使用 Selenium，想知道是否可以一次使用多个 TABS？我不想使用多个浏览器实例（即 IE 双关语的 2 个副本）。如果不可能，如何在按顺序运行的各个选项卡之间进行切换？

谢谢！

4

7 回答 7

42

如果有一个打开新窗口/标签的链接，那么您可以使用driver.switchTo().window();

但是，如果您想在多个窗口上运行某些东西，那么我建议您拥有多个 webdriver 实例。它更容易管理，并且受支持（有打开新选项卡/窗口的变通方法，例如按下打开新窗口的热键，但不支持）。

如果你想让多个线程都作用于同一个驱动程序实例，但不同的选项卡，那是不可能的。

于 2013-08-09T15:46:46.400 回答
15

无需多个浏览器实例即可在各个选项卡之间切换。
Web 驱动程序处理不同窗口的方式和处理不同选项卡的方式有所不同。

案例1：
如果有多个窗口，那么以下代码可以提供帮助：

//Get the current window handle
String windowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

//Get the list of window handles
ArrayList tabs = new ArrayList (driver.getWindowHandles());
System.out.println(tabs.size());
//Use the list of window handles to switch between windows
driver.switchTo().window(tabs.get(0));

//Switch back to original window
driver.switchTo().window(mainWindowHandle);


情况2：
如果同一个窗口有多个选项卡，那么只有一个窗口句柄。因此，在窗口句柄之间切换会使控件保持在同一个选项卡中。
在这种情况下，使用 Ctrl + \t (Ctrl + Tab) 在选项卡之间切换更有用。

//Open a new tab using Ctrl + t
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"t");
//Switch between tabs using Ctrl + \t
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("body")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +"\t");

详细的示例代码可以在这里找到：http:
//design-interviews.blogspot.com/2014/11/switching-between-tabs-in-same-browser-window.html

于 2015-06-17T05:36:09.257 回答
2

要打开多个选项卡：

driver = new ChromeDriver();
IJavaScriptExecutor jscript = driver as IJavaScriptExecutor;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{                
  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(this.baseURL);      
  jscript.ExecuteScript("window.open('{0}', '_blank');", this.baseURL);
}

在它们之间切换：

for (int i = 0; i < driver.WindowHandles.Count; i++)
{ 
  driver.SwitchTo().Window(driver.WindowHandles[i])]);
}
于 2017-03-13T20:15:33.283 回答
1

我最近实现了一个简单的多线程实用程序，它允许在单独的线程上的单独选项卡上运行测试，只需一个 WEBDRIVER INSTANCE。问题WebDriver在于它一次只能聚焦一个选项卡（窗口）。因此，要在多个选项卡中进行测试，WebDriver必须分别关注每个选项卡。我确定我的实现并不完美，但在这里（在 Kotlin 中实现）：

用法：

fun test() {

  val results = ParallelNavigator(webDriver, 
    listOf(
    ::test1, 
    ::test2, 
    ::test3
    )
  ).start()

  println(results)
  // Output: [Success, Failure: java.lang.RuntimeException: Some error, Success]

}

fun test1(pn: ParallelNavigator) {

  /* ... open url, find elements etc. so stuff */

  pn.resumeNext() // transfer flow to another unfinished thread (test2 if not finished)

  /* ... do more stuff */

  pn.resumeNext() // again transfer flow to another thread

}

fun test2(pn: ParallelNavigator) { /* ... */ }
fun test3(pn: ParallelNavigator) { /* ... */ }

执行：

import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock
import kotlin.concurrent.thread
import kotlin.concurrent.withLock

class ParallelNavigator(private val webDriver: WebDriver, executions: List<(ParallelNavigator) -> Unit>) {

    private val _executions: List<TabExecution> = executions.map { TabExecution(it) }

    private var currentExecutionIndex: Int = -1

    fun start(): List<Result> {
        createTabs()
        return runInternal()
    }

    fun resumeNext() {
        if (_executions.isEmpty()) {
            throw RuntimeException("No executions provided.")
        }

        val currentExecution: TabExecution? = if (currentExecutionIndex != -1) {
            _executions[currentExecutionIndex]
        } else null

        val unfinished = _executions.filter { !it.finished }

        if(unfinished.isEmpty()) {
            return
        }

        val nextExecutionIndex = if (currentExecutionIndex >= unfinished.lastIndex || currentExecutionIndex <= -1) {
            0
        } else {
            currentExecutionIndex + 1
        }
        val nextExecution = unfinished[nextExecutionIndex]
        currentExecutionIndex = nextExecutionIndex
        webDriver.switchTo().window(nextExecution.windowHandle)
        nextExecution.lock.withLock {
            nextExecution.condition.signal()
        }
        currentExecution?.lock?.withLock {
            if (!currentExecution.finished) {
                currentExecution.condition.await()
            }
        }
    }

    sealed class Result {
        class Success : Result() {
            override fun toString(): String {
                return "Success"
            }
        }
        class Failure(val ex: Throwable) : Result() {
            override fun toString(): String {
                return "Failure: ${ex.javaClass.name}: ${ex.message}"
            }
        }
        class Unfinished : Result() {
            override fun toString(): String {
                return "Unfinished"
            }
        }
    }

    data class TabExecution(
        val test: (ParallelNavigator) -> Unit,
        val lock: ReentrantLock = ReentrantLock(),
        var finished: Boolean = false
    ) {
        lateinit var windowHandle: String
        lateinit var condition: Condition
        lateinit var thread: Thread
    }


    private fun createTabs() = with(webDriver) {
        navigate().to("about:blank")
        val homeWindowHandle = windowHandle
        for (execution in _executions) {
            execution.windowHandle = openNewTab()
        }
        webDriver.switchTo().window(homeWindowHandle)
    }

    private fun runInternal(): List<Result> {
        val results = _executions.map { Result.Unfinished() as Result }.toMutableList()
        for (index in _executions.indices) {
            val execution = _executions[index]
            val condition = execution.lock.newCondition()
            execution.condition = condition
            execution.thread = thread(start = false) {
                execution.lock.withLock {
                    condition.await()
                    try {
                        execution.test(this)
                        results[index] = Result.Success()
                    } catch (ex: Throwable) {
                        ex.printStackTrace()
                        results[index] = Result.Failure(ex)
                    }
                    execution.finished = true
                    currentExecutionIndex--
                    resumeNext()
                }
            }

            execution.thread.start()
        }

        resumeNext() // run first execution

        for (execution in _executions) {
            execution.thread.join()
        }

        return results
    }

    fun waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles: Set<String>) = with(webDriver) {
        waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles, 10)
    }

    fun waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles: Set<String>, seconds: Int) = with(webDriver) {
        WebDriverWait(webDriver, seconds.toLong()).until<Boolean> { WebDriver -> availableWindowHandles().size > oldWindowHandles.size }
    }

    fun availableWindowHandles(): Set<String> = with(webDriver) {
        return webDriver.getWindowHandles()
    }

    private fun getNewTabHandle(oldWindowHandles: Set<String>): String = with(webDriver) {
        waitForNewTabToOpen(oldWindowHandles)
        val newWindowHandles = availableWindowHandles().toMutableSet()
        newWindowHandles.removeAll(oldWindowHandles)
        return newWindowHandles.iterator().next()
    }

    fun openNewTab(): String = with(webDriver) {
        val oldHandles = availableWindowHandles()
        (webDriver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript("Object.assign(document.createElement('a'), { target: '_blank', href: 'about:blank'}).click();")
        waitForNewTabToOpen(oldHandles)
        return getNewTabHandle(oldHandles)
    }

}
于 2019-05-08T21:14:11.247 回答
1

试试下面的代码。

    String oldTab = driver.getWindowHandle();
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    ArrayList<String> newTab = new ArrayList<String>(driver.getWindowHandles());
    newTab.remove(oldTab);
    driver.switchTo().window(newTab.get(0));
于 2018-08-14T04:47:36.673 回答
1

如果您使用selenium和nodejs，这将解决您的问题。

driver.get('https://www.google.com/')
  .then(_ =>
    driver.findElement(webdriver.By.tagName('body'))
  )
  .then(bodyElement => {
    bodyElement.sendKeys(webdriver.Key.chord(webdriver.Key.CONTROL, 't'))
  })
  .catch(err => {
    console.log(err);
  })
于 2019-12-17T12:28:41.590 回答
0

如果您希望同时运行多个窗口，请对多个 IWebDriver 实例使用线程

前任：

public void Work()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver("D:\\Drivers");
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(URL);
\\Do the rest
}
public void Work2()
{
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver("D:\\Drivers");
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(URL2);
\\Do the rest
}

并像这样调用函数：

Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Work));
thread1.Start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Work2));
thread2.Start();
于 2016-12-12T18:03:03.723 回答