ruby-on-rails - can't query by association field value

Question

I need to query only Realties where user id confirmed. I am using "devise" gem for authentication, and my query looks like this:

@search = Realty.includes(:user).where("users.confirmed_at != ?", nil)

As result I get => [], but there are many Realties records where user.confirmed? => true. I double checked it from the console.

The association structure looks like this:

class Realty
     belongs_to :user
.....
class User
     has_many :realties
.....

Please help me or tell where I make an mistake ?? Thank you.

score 2 · Accepted Answer

@search = Realty.includes(:user).where("users.confirmed_at IS NOT NULL")

You cannot use != in a SQL statement.

If you want to check if the value is not empty as well, then you can do

@search = Realty.includes(:user).where("users.confirmed_at <> ''")

it will return the results where users.confirmed_at is neither null nor empty.

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