您可以使用与 python 相同的方式执行此操作,即不将对象直接存储到向量中,而是使用指向实际对象本身的指针/引用。
#include <memory>
typedef std::vector<std::unique_ptr<A>> AVector;
在这种情况下允许多态性,您可以将指针推送到从 A 派生的任何内容。
在您尝试尝试的情况下,您尝试将圆形钉子安装到方孔中。std::vector 实际上是一个简单的代码包装器,它分配了一大块内存成员 * sizeof(T)。
“unique_ptr”是一个用于指针的 C++11 容器,它知道在它消失时将其删除。如果您没有 C++11/C++0x 支持,您可以使用指针或制作自己的“自动”指针包装器。
// Old-style pointer
typedef std::vector<A*> AVector;
AVector avec;
avec.push_back(new A);
avec.push_back(new B);
avec.push_back(new A);
avec.push_back(new B);
// now it's your responsibility to 'delete' these allocations when you remove them.
void discardAvec(size_t position) {
A* ptr = avec[position];
delete ptr;
avec.erase(avec.begin() + position);
}
在 ideone.com 上查看以下演练的现场演示:
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
typedef std::vector<class A*> AVector;
class A
{
protected: // so B can access it.
int m_i;
public:
A(int i_) : m_i(i_)
{
std::cout << "CTor'd A(i) " << (void*)this
<< " with " << m_i << std::endl;
}
A(int i_, bool) : m_i(i_)
{
std::cout << "CTor'd A(i, b) " << (void*)this
<< " with " << m_i << std::endl;
}
virtual ~A()
{
std::cout << "DTor'd A " << (void*)this << " with " << m_i << std::endl;
}
};
class B : public A
{
int m_j;
public:
B(int i_, int j_) : A(i_, true), m_j(j_)
{
std::cout << "CTor'd B(i, j) " << (void*)this
<< " with " << m_i << ", " << m_j << std::endl;
}
virtual ~B()
{
std::cout << "DTor'd B " << (void*)this
<< " with " << m_i << ", " << m_j << std::endl;
}
};
int main()
{
AVector avec;
std::cout << "create A(1)" << std::endl;
avec.push_back(new A(1)); // allocated an "A" on the heap.
std::cout << "create B(2, 1)" << std::endl;
avec.push_back(new B(2, 1)); // allocated a "B" on the heap.
std::cout << "create B(2, 2)" << std::endl;
avec.push_back(new B(2, 2));
std::cout << "create A(3) " << std::endl;
avec.push_back(new A(3));
std::cout << "populated avec" << std::endl;
A* ptr = avec[2]; // take the pointer of what is actually a B
avec.erase(avec.begin() + 2); // remove it from the vector.
std::cout << "removed entry 2 from the vector" << std::endl;
// 'ptr' is still valid because it's an allocation, and C++ doesn't
// garbage collect heap allocations. We have to 'delete' it ourselves.
// Also note that because A and B have virtual destructors,
// you will see both of them called.
delete ptr;
// Now watch what DOESN'T happen as we exit.
// everything we CTOR'd that doesn't get DTORd is a leak.
return 0;
}