java - 如何使用java从RDF文件中获取特定的标签相关信息

Question

我正在使用 Jena 读取 RDF 文件，但我只想获取特定语句的信息。下面是我要阅读的示例代码sample.rdf。

sample.rdf：

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73/Instance/143">
    <c:length>4</c:length>
    <c:offset>6588</c:offset>
    <c:suffix> network, specific mechanisms for implementing</c:suffix>
    <c:exact>VoIP</c:exact>
    <c:prefix>applications. Topics include imple-menting a 
   </c:prefix>
    <c:detection>[applications. Topics include imple-
menting a ]VoIP[ network, specific mechanisms for implementing]</c:detection>
    <c:subject rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/genericHasher-1/1bc26b65-5ef5-306d-9203-fd0f8aa3ba18"/>
    <c:docId rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/sys/InstanceInfo"/>
  </rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73/SocialTag/10">
    <c:originalValue>Cisco IOS</c:originalValue>
    <c:importance>2</c:importance>
    <c:name>Cisco IOS</c:name>
    <c:socialtag rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/genericHasher-1/8ed51994-de69-3307-acf7-be18cc0d06e2"/>
    <c:docId rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/tag/SocialTag"/>
  </rdf:Description>

加载sample.rdf到 Jena 模型中的 Java 代码：

public class FirstRDFReader extends Object {
   public static void main (String args[]) {
       String inputFile="C://Sample.rdf";
      Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
   try{
   InputStream in =new  FileInputStream(inputFile);
    if (in == null) {  
     System.out.println("File not found");
     }  
     model.read(in," ");
    model.write(System.out);
}catch(Exception e){}
  }
}

期望的输出：

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73/SocialTag/10">
<c:importance>2</c:importance>
 <c:name>Cisco IOS</c:name>
</rdf:Description>

谢谢

Answer 1

工作数据

这里有一些我们可以实际使用的数据。它基于您的数据，rdf定义了前缀，以及一些用于制作ctag:SocialTag和csys:InstanceInfo工作的附加前缀。这些是可选的，但需要前缀定义c，因为它已在您的数据中使用。我只是http://example.org/c#为了方便起见，但您可能已经定义了其他内容。

<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:c="http://example.org/c#"
    xmlns:ctag="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/tag/"
    xmlns:csys="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/sys/">
  <ctag:SocialTag rdf:about="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73/SocialTag/10">
    <c:originalValue>Cisco IOS</c:originalValue>
    <c:importance>2</c:importance>
    <c:name>Cisco IOS</c:name>
    <c:socialtag rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/genericHasher-1/8ed51994-de69-3307-acf7-be18cc0d06e2"/>
    <c:docId rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73"/>
  </ctag:SocialTag>
  <csys:InstanceInfo rdf:about="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73/Instance/143">
    <c:length>4</c:length>
    <c:offset>6588</c:offset>
    <c:suffix> network, specific mechanisms for implementing</c:suffix>
    <c:exact>VoIP</c:exact>
    <c:prefix>applications. Topics include imple-menting a 
   </c:prefix>
    <c:detection>[applications. Topics include imple-
menting a ]VoIP[ network, specific mechanisms for implementing]</c:detection>
    <c:subject rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/genericHasher-1/1bc26b65-5ef5-306d-9203-fd0f8aa3ba18"/>
    <c:docId rdf:resource="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73"/>
  </csys:InstanceInfo>
</rdf:RDF>

一旦你在某个地方获得了这些数据，有两种简单的方法可以使用 Jena 将其取出。第一种是使用 Jena 的 Model API，它提供了检索语句的方法。第二种是使用 SPARQL 查询。您可以使用 Jena 的命令行工具运行 SPARQL 查询，也可以从 Java 程序运行。

使用模型 API

下面的 Java 代码创建了一个results模型来存储所需的输出，从 中检索 SocialTag 和定义其名称和重要性input的语句，并将语句复制到results.

public static Model queryWithAPI() { 
    // Create a model for the output, and add the prefix mappings
    // from the input model.  This step isn't necessary, but it 
    // makes the output easier to read.
    final Model results = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
    results.setNsPrefixes( input );

    // Iterate through the SocialTags in the data, and for each SocialTag s, retrieve
    // the statements [s, name, ?name] and [s, importance, ?importance] from the input
    // model, and add them to the results.
    for ( final ResIterator it = input.listResourcesWithProperty( RDF.type, SocialTag ); it.hasNext(); ) {
        final Resource socialTag = it.next();
        results.add( socialTag.getProperty( importance ));
        results.add( socialTag.getProperty( name ));
    }
    return results;
}

使用 SPARQL

以下 SPARQLconstruct查询还检索 SocialTags，然后构造所需的图。

prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
prefix ctag: <http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/tag/>
prefix c: <http://example.org/c#>
construct {
  ?tag c:name ?name ;
       c:importance ?importance .
}
where {
  ?tag a ctag:SocialTag ;
       c:name ?name ;
       c:importance ?importance .
}

input这是在模型上执行该查询的 Java 代码。

public static Model queryWithSPARQL() { 
    // A SPARQL query that retrieves each SocialTag and its name
    // and importance, and constructs a model containing just the 
    // name and importance statements.
    final String query = "" +
            "prefix rdf: <"+RDF.getURI()+">\n" +
            "prefix ctag: <"+CTAG+">\n" +
            "prefix c: <"+C+">\n" +
            "construct {\n" +
            "  ?tag c:name ?name ;\n" +
            "       c:importance ?importance .\n" +
            "}\n" +
            "where {\n" +
            "  ?tag a ctag:SocialTag ;\n" +
            "       c:name ?name ;\n" +
            "       c:importance ?importance .\n" +
            "}";
    // Create and execute the query on the input model.
    return QueryExecutionFactory.create( query, input ).execConstruct();
}

现在都在一起了

上面的清单只是定义input和读取数据的工作示例的片段。这是整个清单：

import com.hp.hpl.jena.query.QueryExecutionFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Property;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ResIterator;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Resource;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ResourceFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.vocabulary.RDF;

public class CalaisExample {
    static final String C = "http://example.org/c#";
    static final String CTAG = "http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/tag/";

    static final Resource SocialTag = ResourceFactory.createResource( CTAG+"SocialTag" );
    static final Property importance = ResourceFactory.createProperty( C+"importance" );
    static final Property name = ResourceFactory.createProperty( C+"name" );

    // Create a model for the input and read in the data.
    static final Model input = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel()
            .read( "file:///home/taylorj/tmp/jena-calais/calais.rdf" );

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println( "== Using API ==" );
        queryWithAPI().write( System.out );
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println( "== Using SPARQL ==" );
        queryWithSPARQL().write( System.out );
    }

    public static Model queryWithAPI() { 
        // Create a model for the output, and add the prefix mappings
        // from the input model.  This step isn't necessary, but it 
        // makes the output easier to read.
        final Model results = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
        results.setNsPrefixes( input );

        // Iterate through the SocialTags in the data, and for each SocialTag s, retrieve
        // the statements [s, name, ?name] and [s, importance, ?importance] from the input
        // model, and add them to the results.
        for ( final ResIterator it = input.listResourcesWithProperty( RDF.type, SocialTag ); it.hasNext(); ) {
            final Resource socialTag = it.next();
            results.add( socialTag.getProperty( importance ));
            results.add( socialTag.getProperty( name ));
        }
        return results;
    }

    public static Model queryWithSPARQL() { 
        // A SPARQL query that retrieves each SocialTag and its name
        // and importance, and constructs a model containing just the 
        // name and importance statements.
        final String query = "" +
                "prefix rdf: <"+RDF.getURI()+">\n" +
                "prefix ctag: <"+CTAG+">\n" +
                "prefix c: <"+C+">" +
                "construct {\n" +
                "  ?tag c:name ?name ;\n" +
                "       c:importance ?importance .\n" +
                "}\n" +
                "where {\n" +
                "  ?tag a ctag:SocialTag ;\n" +
                "       c:name ?name ;\n" +
                "       c:importance ?importance .\n" +
                "}";
        // Create and execute the query on the input model.
        return QueryExecutionFactory.create( query, input ).execConstruct();
    }
}

这是输出：

== Using API ==
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:c="http://example.org/c#"
    xmlns:ctag="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/tag/"
    xmlns:csys="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/sys/" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73/SocialTag/10">
    <c:name>Cisco IOS</c:name>
    <c:importance>2</c:importance>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

== Using SPARQL ==
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:c="http://example.org/c#"
    xmlns:ctag="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/tag/"
    xmlns:csys="http://s.opencalais.com/1/type/sys/" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://d.opencalais.com/dochash-1/6ee25504-ff98-34e4-af60-dde69f5ddf73/SocialTag/10">
    <c:importance>2</c:importance>
    <c:name>Cisco IOS</c:name>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>