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在比较 Apache 2.2 和 Nginx 1.2.6 在 Ubuntu 13.04 上使用全库存软件包运行的负载测试时,我始终发现 Nginx PHP 请求的性能低于 Apache PHP 请求;如果可能的话,我正在寻找指导,以使我们的 Nginx 性能在所有情况下都高于 Apache

Apache设置相当标准,但 Nginx 设置经过大量定制;它们列在基准测试结果下方

我使用名为 Siege v3.0.2 ( http://www.joedog.org/siege-home/ ) 的基准测试工具为单个并发用户 (c1)、10 个并发用户 (c10) 和 100 个并发用户 ( c100); 结果如下:

阿帕奇结果:

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:54:12,   5982,      59.23,         338,       0.01,      101.00,        5.71,        1.00,    5982,       0
**** c1 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:55:12,    549,      59.98,          88,       0.11,        9.15,        1.47,        1.00,     549,       0
**** c1 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:56:12,   1609,      59.98,         139,       0.04,       26.83,        2.32,        1.00,    1609,       0
**** c10 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 00:57:12,  35983,      59.97,        2039,       0.02,      600.02,       34.00,        9.99,   35983,       0
**** c10 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 00:58:12,   3769,      59.98,         610,       0.16,       62.84,       10.17,        9.99,    3769,       0
**** c10 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 00:59:12,  10928,      59.98,         947,       0.05,      182.19,       15.79,        9.99,   10928,       0
**** c100 Apache Static ****
2013-08-01 01:00:12,  44581,      59.97,        2523,       0.13,      743.39,       42.07,       98.63,   44581,       0
**** c100 Apache PHP ****
2013-08-01 01:01:12,   4427,      59.98,         721,       1.32,       73.81,       12.02,       97.34,    4427,       1
**** c100 Apache Combined ****
2013-08-01 01:02:12,  12735,      59.98,        1125,       0.47,      212.32,       18.76,       99.68,   12735,       0

Nginx 结果:

      Date & Time,  Trans,  Elap Time,  Data Trans,  Resp Time,  Trans Rate,  Throughput,  Concurrent,    OKAY,   Failed
**** c1 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:36:13,   9040,      59.10,         274,       0.01,      152.96,        4.64,        1.00,    9040,       0
**** c1 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:37:13,    581,      59.98,          18,       0.10,        9.69,        0.30,        1.00,     581,       0
**** c1 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:38:13,   1786,      59.59,          55,       0.03,       29.97,        0.92,        1.00,    1786,       0
**** c10 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:39:13,  44557,      59.98,        1353,       0.01,      742.86,       22.56,        9.99,   44557,       0
**** c10 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:40:13,   3766,      59.98,         120,       0.16,       62.79,        2.00,        9.98,    3766,       0
**** c10 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:41:13,  10962,      59.98,         339,       0.05,      182.76,        5.65,        9.98,   10962,       0
**** c100 Nginx Static ****
2013-08-01 02:42:13,  54463,      59.98,        1642,       0.11,      908.02,       27.38,       99.70,   54463,       0
**** c100 Nginx PHP ****
2013-08-01 02:43:13,   3649,      59.98,         117,       1.62,       60.84,        1.95,       98.70,    3649,       0
**** c100 Nginx Combined ****
2013-08-01 02:44:13,  10802,      59.98,         334,       0.55,      180.09,        5.57,       98.63,   10802,       0

我关心的数据来自c100“PHP”和“Combined”的结果。Apache 的速度要快得多,我想知道鉴于所有在线基准测试都显示相反的结果,这怎么可能。

两台服务器都是:

  1. 在四核 Xeon 处理器上运行
  2. 8GB 内存
  3. 连接到同一网络上的 MongoDB v2.2 数据库
  4. PHP-FPM 设置为使用 100 个 PHP 进程

Apache(设置非常接近库存):

  1. 在 CentOS 5 上运行
  2. 阿帕奇 2.2
  3. mod_php

Nginx:

  1. Ubuntu 13.04
  2. Nginx 1.2.6
  3. 具有 100 个 PHP 进程的 PHP-FPM (FastCGI)

nginx.conf

pid /run/nginx.pid;
user www-data;
worker_processes 4;


events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}


http {
    # APACHE BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
    map $request_uri $my_script_url {
        default $request_uri;
        ~^(?<script_filename>.+\.(php))(.*)?$ $script_filename; #/test.php or /test.php?hello=world
        ~^(?<script_filename>.*)(\?.*)$ $script_filename; #/tos?hello=world
        ~^(?<script_filename>.*)(\?.*)?$ $script_filename; #/tos or /tos/hello/world or /tos/hello/world?omg=what
    }


    # BASE SETTINGS
    charset utf-8;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    server_tokens off;


    # CLIENT CACHING SETTINGS
    add_header Last-Modified "";
    expires 7d;


    # CONNECTION SETTINGS
    client_body_timeout 15s;
    client_header_timeout 30s;
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    keepalive_requests 10000;
    keepalive_timeout 30s;
    reset_timedout_connection on;
    resolver_timeout 5s;
    send_timeout 15s;
    tcp_nopush on;


    # FASTCGI SETTINGS
    # fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=microcache:10m max_size=1000m inactive=60m;


    # FILE CACHING AND PERFORMANCE SETTINGS
    open_file_cache max=10000 inactive=20s;
    open_file_cache_errors off;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 2;
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;
    sendfile on;


    # GZIP SETTINGS
    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_types
        text/css
        text/plain
        text/javascript
        application/javascript
        application/json
        application/x-javascript
        application/xml
        application/xml+rss
        application/xhtml+xml
        application/x-font-ttf
        application/x-font-opentype
        application/vnd.ms-fontobject
        image/svg+xml
        image/x-icon
        application/rss+xml
        application/atom_xml;
    gzip_vary on;


    # LOGGING SETTINGS
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log combined buffer=16k;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit;
    open_log_file_cache max=100 inactive=1m min_uses=1 valid=2m;


    # SSL SETTINGS
    # ssl_ciphers !aNULL:!eNULL:FIPS@STRENGTH;
    # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    # ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    # ssl_session_timeout 3m;


    # OTHER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION FILES
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;


    # VIRTUAL HOST CONFIGS
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

虚拟主机配置

server {
    # BASE SETTINGS
    listen 80;
    root /var/www/tbi/example/htdocs;
    # server_name local.example.com;
    server_name www.example.com;


    # LOG SETTINGS
    access_log /var/log/nginx/www.example.com.access.log combined buffer=64k;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/www.example.com.error.log crit;


    # LOCATIONS
    location / {
        index index.php index.html;
        try_files $uri @extensionless-php;
    }

    location ~ \.(ttf|otf|eot|woff)$ {
        add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
    }

    # location /nginx_status {
    #   See a brief synopsis of real-time, instantaneous performance
    #   stub_status on;
    # }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        expires off;

        # FASTCGI SETTINGS
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        include fastcgi_params;

        # FASTCGI CACHE SETTINGS
        # fastcgi_cache microcache;
        # fastcgi_cache_bypass $http_pragma;
        # fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$host$request_uri$request_method;
        # fastcgi_cache_methods GET HEAD;
        # fastcgi_cache_use_stale updating error timeout invalid_header http_500;
        # fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
        # fastcgi_ignore_headers "Cache-Control" "Expires" "Set-Cookie";

        # TBI ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
        fastcgi_param TBI_CONFIG /var/www/tbi/configs/;
        fastcgi_param TBI_DOMAIN example.com;
        # fastcgi_param TBI_ENV local;
        fastcgi_param TBI_ENV www;
        fastcgi_param TBI_RELEASETIME 0;

        # APACHE BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_URI $scheme://$http_host$my_script_url;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_URL $my_script_url;
    }

    location @extensionless-php {
        if (-f $request_filename.php) {
            rewrite ^/(.*)$ /$1.php last;
        }
        rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
    }
}

任何有关使 Nginx 更快的建议将不胜感激。如果可能,我想避免内核和 TCP/IP 调整。

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2 回答 2

4

Apache 和 nginx 之间的 PHP 性能应该非常相似,因为 PHP 是比使用的服务器高得多的瓶颈。

在您的情况下,当并发 = 1 或并发 = 10 时性能看起来相同,只有在并发为 100 时在 nginx/PHP-FPM 上变得更慢。

尽管您可能假设,并行运行更多的 PHP-FPM 进程并不会为许多并发查询带来更快的性能。PHP 在某个时间点后不会从并行运行中获得很大好处。在某一点之后,由于额外的上下文切换、更多的 I/O 访问随机争用、更高的内存使用等,更多的并行进程会降低整体吞吐量。

在我的测试中,PHP-FPM 进程的最佳点大约是 6 到 10(我使用 8)。即使在使用数百个并发连接进行测试时,这也能让我获得最高的性能。之后添加更多 PHP-FPM 进程开始减慢速度。您的里程可能会有所不同,但 100 不太可能是任何服务器上的最佳点。

请注意,您的 PHP-FPM 进程数不必等于或大于您支持的并发连接数。为了更好地解释这一点 - 拥有 8 个 PHP-FPM 进程并不意味着您仅限于 8 个并发连接。只要您在 PHP-FPM 中的 listen.backlog 足够高,您的服务器 (nginx) 仍将维持数百个并发连接,但 PHP-FPM 将在内部一次处理 8 个,而不是一次全部处理。这意味着每个单独的查询将花费更少的时间被 PHP 实际执行,因为它与更少的其他进程竞争。连接仍将同时保持打开状态,并且对数百个并发用户的测试仍将看到所有请求都快速且成功地得到服务。

请注意,我还在我的 nginx 设置中找到了另一种加速 PHP 的方法,那就是增加 fastcgi_buffers 的数量/大小。我的当前设置为fastcgi_buffers 32 16k;.

于 2014-01-24T02:01:43.130 回答
3

您在 nginx 中启用了 gzip 即时压缩 - 非常昂贵的操作,那么您期望什么?更糟糕的是,您配置了第 5 级压缩,这使它变得更慢,慢得要命。

于 2013-08-02T15:48:39.790 回答