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我正在从 MIT 开放课件网站自学 Python。我无法仅使用在讲座中学到的信息来完成这项作业。我学到的最后一件事是使用“While”和“For”循环进行迭代。我还没有学过函数。是否可以编写一个仅使用它来计算和打印第 1000 个素数的程序？

到目前为止，这是我的代码：

count = 0
prime = []
candidate = []
x = 2
y = 1
while count < 1000:
    x = x+1
    if x > 1:
        if x%2 != 0:
            if x%3 != 0:
                if x%5 != 0:
                    if x%7 != 0:
                        if x%11 != 0:
                            if x%13 != 0:
                                candidate.append(x)
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4 回答 4

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您的代码有一些问题，我将尝试指出：

count = 0
prime = []          # this is obviously meant to collect all primes
candidate = []      # what is this supposed to do then though?
x = 2
y = 1               # never used
while count < 1000: # you start at `count = 0` but never increase the count
                    # later on, so would loop forever
    x = x+1
    if x > 1: # x is always bigger than 1 because you started at 2
              # and only increase it; also, you skipped 2 itself
        if x%2 != 0:                      # here, all you do is check if the
            if x%3 != 0:                  # number is dividable by any prime you
                if x%5 != 0:              # know of
                    if x%7 != 0:          # you can easily make this check work
                        if x%11 != 0:     # for any set (or list) of primes
                            if x%13 != 0: #
                                candidate.append(x) # why a candidate? If it’s
                                                    # not dividable by all primes
                                                    # it’s a prime itself

因此，在此基础上，您可以使其全部工作：

primes = [2] # we're going to start with 2 directly
count = 1    # and we have already one; `2`
x = 2
while count < 1000:
    x += 1
    isPrime = True          # assume it’s a prime
    for p in primes:        # check for every prime
        if x % p == 0:      # if it’s a divisor of the number
            isPrime = False # then x is definitely not a prime
            break           # so we can stop this loop directly

    if isPrime:             # if it’s still a prime after looping
        primes.append(x)    # then it’s a prime too, so store it
        count += 1          # and don’t forget to increase the count

for 循环中的 p 是从哪里来的？

for x in something是一个将遍历每个元素的构造，something并且对于每次迭代，它都会为您提供一个x包含当前值的变量。因此，例如以下将分别打印1, 2, 3.

for i in [1, 2, 3]:
    print(i)

或者对于素数列表，for p in primes将遍历所有存储的素数，并且在每次迭代p中将是列表中的一个素数。

因此，整个检查基本上将遍历每个已知的素数，并且对于每个素数，它将检查所述素数是否是该数字的除数。如果我们找到一个素数，我们可以中止循环，因为当前数字本身绝对不是素数。

于 2013-08-01T11:20:10.390 回答
0 
import time    
start = time.time()

primes = [2,]  # Initial list of primes
l = 1  # No in the list
n = 3  # First candidate
while l < 10000:  # Target No
    Ok = True  # Assume it is
    for p in primes[1:1+l//2]:  # Check all in the first half of the list 
       if (n % p) == 0:  # Divides exactly
           Ok = False    # So not prime
           break         # Skip the rest
    if Ok:  # It was a prime
       primes.append(n)  # Add it
       l += 1            # and the count
       #print n
    n += 2  # Next non-even number
end = time.time()
print primes[-1]
print 'took', end-start
于 2013-08-01T11:09:15.060 回答
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如前所述，无需为您完成全部工作，您正在建立一个素数列表，prime因此您可以使用它而不是硬编码来检查。

 prime = []
 x = 2
 while len(prime) < 1000:
     if *** check here ***
        prime.append(x)
     x = x + 1
于 2013-08-01T11:00:15.533 回答
0

当然有一种比链接所有这些更简洁if的方法，您可以使用all

prime = []
x = 1
while len(prime) < 1000:
    x += 1
    if all(x%p for p in prime):
        prime.append(x) 

print prime
于 2013-08-01T11:28:21.873 回答