使用wait()
或waitpid()
wait()
在 Unix 和衍生产品上使用和等 POSIX 函数是不可能的waitpid()
。返回的退出状态信息由两个 8 位字段组成,一个包含退出状态,另一个包含有关死亡原因的信息(0 表示在程序控制下有序退出,其他值表示有信号杀死它,并表示是否一个核心被转储)。
与sigaction()
_SA_SIGINFO
如果您努力工作,并阅读sigaction()
and<signal.h>
和Signal Actions的 POSIX 规范,您会发现您可以获取exit()
子进程传递给的 32 位值。但是,它并不完全直截了当。
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static siginfo_t sig_info = { 0 };
static volatile sig_atomic_t sig_num = 0;
static void *sig_ctxt = 0;
static void catcher(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *vp)
{
sig_num = signum;
sig_info = *info;
sig_ctxt = vp;
}
static void set_handler(int signum)
{
struct sigaction sa;
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
sa.sa_sigaction = catcher;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(signum, &sa, 0) != 0)
{
int errnum = errno;
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set signal handler (%d: %s)\n", errnum, strerror(errnum));
exit(1);
}
}
static void prt_interrupt(FILE *fp)
{
if (sig_num != 0)
{
fprintf(fp, "Signal %d from PID %d (status 0x%.8X; UID %d)\n",
sig_info.si_signo, (int)sig_info.si_pid, sig_info.si_status,
(int)sig_info.si_uid);
sig_num = 0;
}
}
static void five_kids(void)
{
const int base = 0xCC00FF40;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
break;
else if (pid == 0)
{
printf("PID %d - exiting with status %d (0x%.8X)\n",
(int)getpid(), base + i, base + i);
exit(base + i);
}
else
{
int status = 0;
pid_t corpse = wait(&status);
if (corpse != -1)
printf("Child: %d; Corpse: %d; Status = 0x%.4X - waited\n", pid, corpse, (status & 0xFFFF));
struct timespec nap = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 1000000 }; // 1 millisecond
nanosleep(&nap, 0);
prt_interrupt(stdout);
fflush(0);
}
}
}
int main(void)
{
set_handler(SIGCHLD);
five_kids();
}
运行时(sigexit73
从 编译的程序sigexit73.c
),这会产生如下输出:
$ sigexit73
PID 26599 - exiting with status -872349888 (0xCC00FF40)
Signal 20 from PID 26599 (status 0xCC00FF40; UID 501)
Child: 26600; Corpse: 26599; Status = 0x4000 - waited
PID 26600 - exiting with status -872349887 (0xCC00FF41)
Signal 20 from PID 26600 (status 0xCC00FF41; UID 501)
Child: 26601; Corpse: 26600; Status = 0x4100 - waited
PID 26601 - exiting with status -872349886 (0xCC00FF42)
Signal 20 from PID 26601 (status 0xCC00FF42; UID 501)
Child: 26602; Corpse: 26601; Status = 0x4200 - waited
PID 26602 - exiting with status -872349885 (0xCC00FF43)
Signal 20 from PID 26602 (status 0xCC00FF43; UID 501)
Child: 26603; Corpse: 26602; Status = 0x4300 - waited
PID 26603 - exiting with status -872349884 (0xCC00FF44)
Signal 20 from PID 26603 (status 0xCC00FF44; UID 501)
$
删除一毫秒调用nanosleep()
后,输出看起来像:
$ sigexit73
sigexit23
PID 26621 - exiting with status -872349888 (0xCC00FF40)
Signal 20 from PID 26621 (status 0xCC00FF40; UID 501)
Child: 26622; Corpse: 26621; Status = 0x4000 - waited
PID 26622 - exiting with status -872349887 (0xCC00FF41)
PID 26623 - exiting with status -872349886 (0xCC00FF42)
Signal 20 from PID 26622 (status 0xCC00FF41; UID 501)
Child: 26624; Corpse: 26623; Status = 0x4200 - waited
Signal 20 from PID 26623 (status 0xCC00FF42; UID 501)
Child: 26625; Corpse: 26622; Status = 0x4100 - waited
PID 26624 - exiting with status -872349885 (0xCC00FF43)
PID 26625 - exiting with status -872349884 (0xCC00FF44)
$
请注意,这里只有三行开始Signal
,也只有三行结束waited
;一些信号和退出状态丢失。这可能是因为SIGCHLD
设置到父进程的信号之间的时间问题。
但是,关键是exit()
当代码使用sigaction()
, SIGCHLD
,SA_SIGINFO
来跟踪状态时,可以在状态中传输 4 个字节的数据。
仅作记录,测试是在运行 macOS Mojave 10.14.6 的 MacBook Pro 上执行的,使用 GCC 9.2.0 和 XCode 11.3.1。该代码也可以在我的 GitHub 上的SOQ(堆栈溢出问题)存储库中作为sigexit73.c
src /so-1843-7779子目录中的文件获得。