我有兴趣尝试 GPU 编程。我不清楚的一件事是，我需要什么硬件？是不是有显卡的电脑都好？我对 GPU 编程知之甚少，所以开始学习曲线最好不要陡峭。如果我因为我的硬件不够好而不得不为了运行一些教程而进行大量黑客攻击，我宁愿购买新硬件。
我有一台安装了 Ubuntu Linux 的退役 PC（约 10 岁），我不确定它有什么显卡，一定是旧的。
我还计划购买一台低于 500 美元的新台式机，根据我的随意研究，它通常配备 AMD Radeon 7x 或 Nvidia GT 6x 显卡。我认为任何新的 PC 都足以用于编程学习。
无论如何，任何建议表示赞赏。
If you want to use CUDA, you'll need a GPU from NVidia, and their site explains the compute capabilities of their different products.
If you want to learn OpenCL, you can start right now with an OpenCL implementation that has a CPU back-end. The basics of writing OpenCL code targeting CPUs or GPUs is the same, and they differ mainly in performance tuning.
For GPU programming, any AMD or NVidia GPU made in the past several years will have some degree of OpenCL support, though there have been some new features introduced with newer generations that can't be easily emulated for older generations.
Intel's integrated GPUs in Ivy Bridge and later support OpenCL, but Intel only provides a GPU-capable OpenCL implementation for Windows, not Linux.
Also be aware that there is a huge difference between a mid-range and high-end GPU in terms of compute capabilities, especially where double-precision arithmetic is supported. Some low-end GPUs don't support double-precision at all, and mid-range GPUs often perform double-precision arithmetic 24 times slower than single-precision. When you want to do a lot of double-precision calculations, it's absolutely worth it to get a compute-oriented GPU (Radeon 7900 series or GeForce Titan and up).
If you want a low-end system with a non-trivial GPU power, you best bet at the moment is probably to get a system built around an AMD APU.