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我正在使用 Android (SQlite) 上的 GTFS 数据。当我在填充了 GTFS 数据的数据库中选择查询时,我想提高性能。

下面的查询选择与停靠点的路线关联的停靠时间:

第一个子查询获取星期四的每日停止时间。第二个获取对今天无效的所有异常停止时间(2013-07-25)。第三个获取仅对今天有效的所有异常停止时间(2013-07-25)。然后我删除无效的并将有效的添加到第一个子查询中。

select distinct stop_times_arrival_time
from stop_times, trips, calendar
where stop_times_trip_id=trip_id
and calendar_service_id=trip_service_id
and trip_route_id='11821949021891616'
and stop_times_stop_id='3377699721872252'
and calendar_start_date<='20130725'
and calendar_end_date>='20130725'
and calendar_thursday=1
and stop_times_arrival_time>='07:40'

except

select stop_times_arrival_time
from stop_times, trips, calendar, calendar_dates
where stop_times_trip_id=trip_id
and calendar_service_id=trip_service_id
and calendar_dates_service_id = trip_service_id
and trip_route_id='11821949021891694'
and stop_times_stop_id='3377699720880977'
and calendar_thursday=1
and calendar_dates_exception_type=2
and stop_times_arrival_time > '07:40'
and calendar_dates_date = 20130725

union

select stop_times_arrival_time
from stop_times, trips, calendar, calendar_dates
where stop_times_trip_id=trip_id
and calendar_service_id=trip_service_id
and calendar_dates_service_id = trip_service_id
and trip_route_id='11821949021891694'
and stop_times_stop_id='3377699720880977'
and calendar_thursday=1
and calendar_dates_exception_type=1
and stop_times_arrival_time > '07:40'
and calendar_dates_date = 20130725;

计算大约需要 15 秒(这很长)。我确信有一个更好的方法来做这个查询,因为我做了 3 个不同的查询(顺便说一句几乎相同),这需要时间。

知道如何改进吗?

编辑:这是架构:

table|calendar|calendar|2|CREATE TABLE calendar (
    calendar_service_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    calendar_monday INTEGER,
    calendar_tuesday INTEGER,
    calendar_wednesday INTEGER,
    calendar_thursday INTEGER,
    calendar_friday INTEGER,
    calendar_saturday INTEGER,
    calendar_sunday INTEGER,
    calendar_start_date TEXT,
    calendar_end_date TEXT
)
index|sqlite_autoindex_calendar_1|calendar|3|
table|calendar_dates|calendar_dates|4|CREATE TABLE calendar_dates (
        calendar_dates_service_id TEXT,
        calendar_dates_date TEXT,
        calendar_dates_exception_type INTEGER
)
table|routes|routes|8|CREATE TABLE routes (
        route_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
        route_short_name TEXT,
        route_long_name TEXT,
        route_type INTEGER,
        route_color TEXT
)
index|sqlite_autoindex_routes_1|routes|9|
table|stop_times|stop_times|12|CREATE TABLE stop_times (
        stop_times_trip_id TEXT,
        stop_times_stop_id TEXT,
        stop_times_stop_sequence INTEGER,
        stop_times_arrival_time TEXT,
        stop_times_pickup_type INTEGER
)
table|stops|stops|13|CREATE TABLE stops (
        stop_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
        stop_name TEXT,
        stop_lat REAL,
        stop_lon REAL
)
index|sqlite_autoindex_stops_1|stops|14|
table|trips|trips|15|CREATE TABLE trips (
        trip_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
        trip_service_id TEXT,
        trip_route_id TEXT,
        trip_headsign TEXT,
        trip_direction_id INTEGER,
        trip_shape_id TEXT
)
index|sqlite_autoindex_trips_1|trips|16|

这是查询计划:

2|0|0|SCAN TABLE stop_times (~33333 rows)
2|1|1|SEARCH TABLE trips USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_trips_1 (trip_id=?) (~1 rows)
2|2|2|SEARCH TABLE calendar USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_calendar_1 (calendar_service_id=?) (~1 rows)
3|0|3|SCAN TABLE calendar_dates (~10000 rows)
3|1|2|SEARCH TABLE calendar USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_calendar_1 (calendar_service_id=?) (~1 rows)
3|2|0|SEARCH TABLE stop_times USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (stop_times_stop_id=?) (~7 rows)
3|3|1|SEARCH TABLE trips USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_trips_1 (trip_id=?) (~1 rows)
1|0|0|COMPOUND SUBQUERIES 2 AND 3 USING TEMP B-TREE (EXCEPT)
4|0|3|SCAN TABLE calendar_dates (~10000 rows)
4|1|2|SEARCH TABLE calendar USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_calendar_1 (calendar_service_id=?) (~1 rows)
4|2|0|SEARCH TABLE stop_times USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (stop_times_stop_id=?) (~7 rows)
4|3|1|SEARCH TABLE trips USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_trips_1 (trip_id=?) (~1 rows)
0|0|0|COMPOUND SUBQUERIES 1 AND 4 USING TEMP B-TREE (UNION)
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1 回答 1

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用于查找的列应该被索引,但是对于单个(子)查询,每个表不能使用多个索引。

对于此特定查询,以下附加索引会有所帮助:

CREATE INDEX some_index ON stop_times(
    stop_times_stop_id,
    stop_times_arrival_time);
CREATE INDEX some_other_index ON calendar_dates(
    calendar_dates_service_id,
    calendar_dates_exception_type,
    calendar_dates_date);
于 2013-07-28T13:11:42.337 回答