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我有一个 SQL 查询，用于从不同的表中提取数据以获取零件详细信息和装配数据。不幸的是，表格的布局方式似乎需要很多 JOIN。我目前有以下查询并通过 phpmyadmin 运行它只显示一个加载屏幕，所以我想它正在超时并且无法在生产中工作。

我在加入的表和列上添加了索引。我已经通过 phpmyadmin 优化了数据库，但我仍然不知道应该如何或可以做到这一点。我是否必须拆分查询并将它们与 UNION 结合起来？如果是这样，我什至不确定这将如何工作，或者如果它可以工作。

请帮忙。:-)

EXPLAIN SELECT Import_Values.base_vehicle_id,
    Import_Values.qty,
    Import_Values.part_type_id,
    Import_Values.part_id,
    Import_Values.position_id,
    Import_Values.note,
    Parts.partterminologyname,
    BaseVehicle.YearID,
    Make.MakeName,
    Model.modelname,
    SubModel.SubModelName,
    EngineDesignation.EngineDesignationName,
    EngineVIN.EngineVINName,
    EngineBase.Liter,
    EngineBase.CC,
    EngineBase.CID,
    EngineBase.Cylinders,
    EngineBase.BlockType,
    EngineBase.EngBoreIn,
    EngineBase.EngBoreMetric,
    EngineBase.EngStrokeIn,
    EngineBase.EngStrokeMetric,
    FuelDeliveryType.FuelDeliveryTypeName,
    FuelDeliverySubType.FuelDeliverySubTypeName,
    FuelSystemControlType.FuelSystemControlTypeName,
    FuelSystemDesign.FuelSystemDesignName,
    Aspiration.AspirationName,
    CylinderHeadType.CylinderHeadTypeName,
    FuelType.FuelTypeName,
    IgnitionSystemType.IgnitionSystemTypeName,
    Mfr.MfrName,
    EngineVersion.EngineVersion,
    Valves.ValvesPerEngine,
    BedLength.BedLength,
    BedLength.BedLengthMetric,
    BedType.BedTypeName
    FROM 
    Import_Values
    INNER JOIN BaseVehicle 
        ON Import_Values.base_vehicle_id=BaseVehicle.BaseVehicleID
    INNER JOIN Parts 
        ON Import_Values.part_type_id=Parts.PartTerminologyID
    INNER JOIN Make
        ON BaseVehicle.MakeID=Make.MakeID
    INNER JOIN Model
        ON BaseVehicle.ModelID=Model.ModelID
    INNER JOIN Vehicle
        ON Import_Values.base_vehicle_id=Vehicle.BaseVehicleID
    INNER JOIN SubModel
        ON Vehicle.SubModelID=SubModel.SubModelID
    INNER JOIN VehicleToEngineConfig
        ON Vehicle.VehicleID=VehicleToEngineConfig.VehicleID
    INNER JOIN EngineConfig
        ON VehicleToEngineConfig.EngineConfigID=EngineConfig.EngineConfigID
    INNER JOIN EngineDesignation
        ON EngineConfig.EngineDesignationID=EngineDesignation.EngineDesignationID
    INNER JOIN EngineVIN
        ON EngineConfig.EngineVINID=EngineVIN.EngineVINID
    INNER JOIN EngineBase
        ON EngineConfig.EngineBaseID=EngineBase.EngineBaseID
    INNER JOIN FuelDeliveryConfig
        ON EngineConfig.FuelDeliveryConfigID=FuelDeliveryConfig.FuelDeliveryConfigID
    INNER JOIN FuelDeliveryType
        ON FuelDeliveryConfig.FuelDeliveryTypeID=FuelDeliveryType.FuelDeliveryTypeID
    INNER JOIN FuelDeliverySubType
        ON FuelDeliveryConfig.FuelDeliverySubTypeID=FuelDeliverySubType.FuelDeliverySubTypeID
    INNER JOIN FuelSystemControlType
        ON FuelDeliveryConfig.FuelSystemControlTypeID=FuelSystemControlType.FuelSystemControlTypeID
    INNER JOIN FuelSystemDesign
        ON FuelDeliveryConfig.FuelSystemDesignID=FuelSystemDesign.FuelSystemDesignID
    INNER JOIN Aspiration
        ON EngineConfig.AspirationID=Aspiration.AspirationID
    INNER JOIN CylinderHeadType
        ON EngineConfig.CylinderHeadTypeID=CylinderHeadType.CylinderHeadTypeID
    INNER JOIN FuelType
        ON EngineConfig.FuelTypeID=FuelType.FuelTypeID
    INNER JOIN IgnitionSystemType
        ON EngineConfig.IgnitionSystemTypeID=IgnitionSystemType.IgnitionSystemTypeID
    INNER JOIN Mfr
        ON EngineConfig.EngineMfrID=Mfr.MfrID
    INNER JOIN EngineVersion
        ON EngineConfig.EngineVersionID=EngineVersion.EngineVersionID
    INNER JOIN Valves
        ON EngineConfig.ValvesID=Valves.Valvesid
    INNER JOIN VehicleToBedConfig
        ON Vehicle.VehicleID=VehicleToBedConfig.VehicleID
    INNER JOIN BedConfig
        ON VehicleToBedConfig.BedConfigID=BedConfig.BedConfigID
    INNER JOIN BedLength
        ON BedConfig.BedLengthID=BedLength.BedLengthID
    INNER JOIN BedType
        ON BedConfig.BedTypeID=BedType.BedTypeID
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1 回答 1

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数据库设计很好。这是规范化的一个例子。据我所知，表和列的名称都很好。我假设每个表上的 id 是一个主键，它会有一个索引。查询应该很快，除非有大量数据（相对于可用内存）。

您的一些表建议多对多关系。一种可能性是查询正在创建来自不同维度（车辆内）的行的笛卡尔积，该行乘以行。例如，parts每辆车可能有多个和多个EngineConfig（这纯粹是作为示例的猜测），因此 100 个零件和 20 个配置将产生 2,000 行。

要调试它，从顶部开始并向下工作：

select *
FROM Import_Values INNER JOIN
     BaseVehicle 
     ON Import_Values.base_vehicle_id=BaseVehicle.BaseVehicleID

查看结果并确保您获得了您期望的行- 而不是更多。然后继续一次添加一个联接，直到您发现问题（性能或行数过多）。

于 2013-07-22T13:50:52.243 回答