21

我发现自己想要获取当前应用程序的 ASP.NET 机器密钥。当然,如果在配置文件中指定了机器密钥,这很容易,但是如果将其设置为自动生成,那么似乎在任何地方都没有公共方法可以获取它。

基本上我想要它,这样我就可以为自己编写一个加密/MACed cookie,就像 ASP.NET Forms Authentication 提供程序一样。

有没有人有任何指示或想法?

4

9 回答 9

18

好奇先生也很想拿到机器钥匙。上的属性MachineKeySection不好,因为它们在初始化之后被清零,这发生在你可以用反射读取它们之前。

在当前的 4.5 框架中进行了一些挖掘之后,事实证明自动生成的密钥存储在HttpApplication.s_autogenKeys字节数组中。验证密钥是前 64 个字节,后面是解密密钥的 24 个字节。

<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5">如果您没有选择加入 4.5 框架中的新加密内容,也就是说,您没有设置web.config(如果您有使用以前版本的框架创建的应用程序就是这种情况),那么您可以像这样的键:

        byte[] autogenKeys = (byte[])typeof(HttpRuntime).GetField("s_autogenKeys", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static).GetValue(null);

        int validationKeySize = 64;
        int decryptionKeySize = 24;

        byte[] validationKey = new byte[validationKeySize];
        byte[] decryptionKey = new byte[decryptionKeySize];

        Buffer.BlockCopy(autogenKeys, 0, validationKey, 0, validationKeySize);
        Buffer.BlockCopy(autogenKeys, validationKeySize, decryptionKey, 0, decryptionKeySize);

        // This is the IsolateApps bit, which is set for both keys
        int pathHash = StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.GetHashCode(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppVirtualPath);
        validationKey[0] = (byte)(pathHash & 0xff);
        validationKey[1] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff00) >> 8);
        validationKey[2] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff0000) >> 16);
        validationKey[3] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff000000) >> 24);

        decryptionKey[0] = (byte)(pathHash & 0xff);
        decryptionKey[1] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff00) >> 8);
        decryptionKey[2] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff0000) >> 16);
        decryptionKey[3] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff000000) >> 24);

两个键的默认值为AutoGenerate,IsolateApps; 该IsolateApps位要求您将应用程序路径哈希的前四个字节复制到密钥的开头。

如果您选择了fx4.5 中的加密改进,那么您将不得不挖掘MachineKeyMasterKeyProvider以获取有效密钥。

在没有 HttpApplication 的情况下获取密钥

HttpApplication通过调用 from 中的本机方法来获取webengine4.dll其密钥SetAutogenKeys()。我们也可以自己调用 DLL。我们只需要知道我们的应用程序路径。

假设我们要为根应用程序“ /”获取自动生成的密钥。

使用 LinqPad:

[DllImport(@"C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\webengine4.dll")]
internal static extern int EcbCallISAPI(IntPtr pECB, int iFunction, byte[] bufferIn, int sizeIn, byte[] bufferOut, int sizeOut);

void Main()
{
    string appPath = "/";
    byte[] genKeys = new byte[1024];
    byte[] autogenKeys = new byte[1024];

    int res = EcbCallISAPI(IntPtr.Zero, 4, genKeys, genKeys.Length, autogenKeys, autogenKeys.Length);

    if (res == 1) {
        // Same as above
        int validationKeySize = 64;
        int decryptionKeySize = 24;

        byte[] validationKey = new byte[validationKeySize];
        byte[] decryptionKey = new byte[decryptionKeySize];

        Buffer.BlockCopy(autogenKeys, 0, validationKey, 0, validationKeySize);
        Buffer.BlockCopy(autogenKeys, validationKeySize, decryptionKey, 0, decryptionKeySize);

        int pathHash = StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.GetHashCode(appPath);
        validationKey[0] = (byte)(pathHash & 0xff);
        validationKey[1] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff00) >> 8);
        validationKey[2] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff0000) >> 16);
        validationKey[3] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff000000) >> 24);

        decryptionKey[0] = (byte)(pathHash & 0xff);
        decryptionKey[1] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff00) >> 8);
        decryptionKey[2] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff0000) >> 16);
        decryptionKey[3] = (byte)((pathHash & 0xff000000) >> 24);

        Console.WriteLine("DecryptionKey: {0}", decryptionKey.Aggregate(new StringBuilder(), (acc, c) => acc.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", c), acc => acc.ToString()));
        Console.WriteLine("ValidationKey: {0}", validationKey.Aggregate(new StringBuilder(), (acc, c) => acc.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", c), acc => acc.ToString()));
    }
}

从 MachineKeyMasterKeyProvider 获取密钥

MachineKeyMasterKeyProvider可以通过使用内部构造函数实例化 来访问新的 fx4.5 内容的键,然后传入autogenKeys如上面代码中获得的字节数组。提供者有方法GetEncryptionKeyGetValidationKey获取实际密钥。

于 2014-03-21T12:49:55.180 回答
6

如果您使用的是 .NET 4,则有MachineKey类。它不会让您对实际密钥进行原始访问,但它确实提供了使用与 FormsAuthentication 类相同的算法对数据进行编码和解码的方法,以及使用 HMAC 添加验证的选项。

于 2011-10-04T18:33:59.690 回答
5

对于.Net 4.5,这里是代码

//using System.Reflection
//using System.Web.Configuration

byte[] autogenKeys = (byte[])typeof(HttpRuntime).GetField("s_autogenKeys", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static).GetValue(null);

Type t = typeof(System.Web.Security.DefaultAuthenticationEventArgs).Assembly.GetType("System.Web.Security.Cryptography.MachineKeyMasterKeyProvider");
ConstructorInfo ctor = t.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)[0];

Type ckey = typeof(System.Web.Security.DefaultAuthenticationEventArgs).Assembly.GetType("System.Web.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicKey");
ConstructorInfo ckeyCtor = ckey.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public)[0];
Object ckeyobj = ckeyCtor.Invoke(new object[] { autogenKeys });
object o = ctor.Invoke(new object[] { new MachineKeySection(), null, null, ckeyobj, null });
var encKey = t.GetMethod("GetEncryptionKey").Invoke(o, null);
byte[] encBytes = ckey.GetMethod("GetKeyMaterial").Invoke(encKey, null) as byte[];
var vldKey = t.GetMethod("GetValidationKey").Invoke(o, null);
byte[] vldBytes = ckey.GetMethod("GetKeyMaterial").Invoke(vldKey, null) as byte[];
string decryptionKey = BitConverter.ToString(encBytes);
decryptionKey = decryptionKey.Replace("-", "");
string validationKey = BitConverter.ToString(vldBytes);
validationKey = validationKey.Replace("-", "");
于 2016-03-12T05:58:54.280 回答
3

谢谢好奇先生,

根据您的指示,我得到了这个:

private byte[] _validationKey;
private byte[] _decryptionKey;

public static byte[] GetKey(object provider, string name)
{
  var validationKey = provider.GetType().GetMethod(name).Invoke(provider, new object[0]);
  return (byte[])validationKey.GetType().GetMethod("GetKeyMaterial").Invoke(validationKey, new object[0]);
}

protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)
{
    var machineKey = typeof(MachineKeySection).GetMethods(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic).Single(a => a.Name == "GetApplicationConfig").Invoke(null, new object[0]);

    var type = Assembly.Load("System.Web, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a").GetTypes().Single(a => a.Name == "MachineKeyMasterKeyProvider");

    var instance = type.Assembly.CreateInstance(
        type.FullName, false,
        BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic,
        null, new object[] { machineKey, null, null, null, null }, null, null);

    var validationKey = type.GetMethod("GetValidationKey").Invoke(instance, new object[0]);
    var key = (byte[])validationKey.GetType().GetMethod("GetKeyMaterial").Invoke(validationKey, new object[0]);


    _validationKey = GetKey(instance, "GetValidationKey");
    _decryptionKey = GetKey(instance, "GetEncryptionKey");
}
于 2015-08-10T12:37:48.763 回答
1

如果 ASP.NET 表单身份验证提供程序可以访问它,那么您是否尝试过查看提供程序源代码(我认为这是正确的位置,ScottGu 关于该主题的原始博客文章在更新 MSDN 后链接已断开)

于 2009-11-18T11:17:12.590 回答
1

我想出了这个作为 4.5 后 .NET 的上述答案的组合。将下面的代码放入名为 mk.aspx 的文件中,然后浏览到它以获取密钥。一定要在之后立即删除它,因为这是邪恶的。

<%@ Import Namespace="System.Reflection" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Web" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Web.Configuration" %>
<%@ Page Language="C#"%>
<%
byte[] autogenKeys = (byte[])typeof(HttpRuntime).GetField("s_autogenKeys", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static).GetValue(null);

Type t = typeof(System.Web.Security.DefaultAuthenticationEventArgs).Assembly.GetType("System.Web.Security.Cryptography.MachineKeyMasterKeyProvider");
ConstructorInfo ctor = t.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)[0];

Type ckey = typeof(System.Web.Security.DefaultAuthenticationEventArgs).Assembly.GetType("System.Web.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicKey");
ConstructorInfo ckeyCtor = ckey.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public)[0];
Object ckeyobj = ckeyCtor.Invoke(new object[] { autogenKeys });
object o = ctor.Invoke(new object[] { new MachineKeySection(), null, null, ckeyobj, null });
var encKey = t.GetMethod("GetEncryptionKey").Invoke(o, null);
byte[] encBytes = ckey.GetMethod("GetKeyMaterial").Invoke(encKey, null) as byte[];
var vldKey = t.GetMethod("GetValidationKey").Invoke(o, null);
byte[] vldBytes = ckey.GetMethod("GetKeyMaterial").Invoke(vldKey, null) as byte[];
string decryptionKey = BitConverter.ToString(encBytes);
decryptionKey = decryptionKey.Replace("-", "");
string validationKey = BitConverter.ToString(vldBytes);
validationKey = validationKey.Replace("-", "");
%>

<machineKey
validationKey="<%=validationKey%>"
decryptionKey="<%=decryptionKey%>"
/>
于 2018-09-29T15:14:37.233 回答
0

你真的需要钥匙吗?还是只是为了加密和解密数据?

System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication (.NET 2.0) 具有公共加密/解密方法。这些使用 System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection EncryptOrDecryptData、ByteArrayToHexString 和 HexStringToByteArray 来加密和解密数据。

EncryptOrDecryptData 根据需要处理从配置文件/AutoGenerate 加载/配置密钥数据。

Encrypt And Decrypt 应该可以通过源代码下载或反射器获得,并且可以很容易地转换为您的目的。

于 2010-10-22T22:26:35.017 回答
0

我遇到了同样的问题,需要从正在运行的 Web 应用程序(不使用 .NET 4.5 加密功能)中获取机器密钥,我无法对其进行代码更改,因此我创建了一个简单的 .aspx 文件来提取密钥并转储它到一个文件,然后将其放在应用程序根目录中并使用浏览器访问它(无需触摸正在运行的应用程序)

<%@ Page Language="C#"
var runTimeType = typeof(System.Web.HttpRuntime);
var autogenKeysField = runTimeType.GetField("s_autogenKeys", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic);
var autogenKeys = (byte[])autogenKeysField.GetValue(null);
var machineKeySection = new System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection();

var autogenKeyProperty = typeof(System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection).GetProperty("AutogenKey", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic);
var decryptionKeyField = typeof(System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection).GetField("_DecryptionKey", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic);
var validationKeyField = typeof(System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection).GetField("_ValidationKey", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic);

// This needs to be done to make machineKeySection refresh it's data
var touch = (bool)autogenKeyProperty.GetValue(machineKeySection);
var decryptionKey = (byte[])decryptionKeyField.GetValue(machineKeySection);
var validationKey = (byte[])validationKeyField.GetValue(machineKeySection);

var autogenKeyString = BitConverter.ToString(autogenKeys).Replace("-", string.Empty);
var encryptionKeyString = BitConverter.ToString(decryptionKey).Replace("-", string.Empty);
var validationKeyString = BitConverter.ToString(validationKey).Replace("-", string.Empty);

using (var writer = new System.IO.StreamWriter("c:/somewhere/withwriteaccess/MachineKey.config")) {
    writer.Write(string.Format("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\r\n<machineKey decryptionKey=\"{0}\" validationKey=\"{1}\" />", encryptionKeyString, validationKeyString));
}
%>
于 2017-11-29T10:09:54.217 回答
-2

将以下配置信息添加到您的 web.config 文件中。确保用您自己的信息替换信息。

<system.web>
<machineKey validationKey="E4451576F51E0562D91A1748DF7AB3027FEF3C2CCAC46D756C833E1AF20C7BAEFFACF97C7081ADA4648918E0B56BF27D1699A6EB2D9B6967A562CAD14767F163" 
            decryptionKey="6159C46C9E288028ED26F5A65CED7317A83CB3485DE8C592" validation="HMACSHA256" decryption="AES" />
</system.web>

验证密钥和解密密钥,验证和解密应根据您的服务器和协议而有所不同。

于 2015-08-21T14:20:15.230 回答