您希望尽可能地放松耦合，而不是像您的问题所建议的那样收紧它，为此，我认为您应该进行进一步的抽象，将部分进一步分离到一个成熟的 MVC 程序中。然后监听器（动作）可以改变模型，视图，也就是你的 GUI，可以监听模型的变化并做出相应的响应。
例如：
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.SwingPropertyChangeSupport;
public class MvcEg {
private static void createAndShowGui() {
View view = new MvcEgView();
Model model = new MvcEgModel();
new MvcEgControl(model, view);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("MvcEg");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.getContentPane().add(view.getMainPanel());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createAndShowGui();
}
});
}
}
interface View {
void setMyButtonAction(Action action);
Component getMainPanel();
void setStatusLabelText(String text);
}
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class MvcEgView implements View {
private static final int PREF_W = 500;
private static final int PREF_H = 400;
private static final String STATUS_TEXT = "Status: ";
private JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel() {
@Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(PREF_W, PREF_H);
}
};
private JLabel statusLabel = new JLabel(STATUS_TEXT, SwingConstants.CENTER);
private JButton myButton = new JButton();
public MvcEgView() {
JPanel btnPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
btnPanel.add(myButton);
mainPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
mainPanel.add(btnPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
mainPanel.add(statusLabel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
}
@Override
public void setMyButtonAction(Action action) {
myButton.setAction(action);
}
@Override
public void setStatusLabelText(String text) {
statusLabel.setText(STATUS_TEXT + text);
}
@Override
public Component getMainPanel() {
return mainPanel;
}
}
interface Model {
public static final String MOD_FIVE_STATUS = "mod five status";
void incrementStatus();
ModFiveStatus getModFiveStatus();
void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener);
void setModFiveStatus(ModFiveStatus modFiveStatus);
}
class MvcEgModel implements Model {
private ModFiveStatus modFiveStatus = ModFiveStatus.ZERO;
private SwingPropertyChangeSupport pcSupport = new SwingPropertyChangeSupport(
this);
@Override
public void incrementStatus() {
int value = modFiveStatus.getValue();
value++;
value %= ModFiveStatus.values().length;
setModFiveStatus(ModFiveStatus.getValuesStatus(value));
}
@Override
public void setModFiveStatus(ModFiveStatus modFiveStatus) {
ModFiveStatus oldValue = this.modFiveStatus;
ModFiveStatus newValue = modFiveStatus;
this.modFiveStatus = modFiveStatus;
pcSupport.firePropertyChange(MOD_FIVE_STATUS, oldValue, newValue);
}
@Override
public ModFiveStatus getModFiveStatus() {
return modFiveStatus;
}
@Override
public void addPropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {
pcSupport.addPropertyChangeListener(listener);
}
@Override
public void removePropertyChangeListener(PropertyChangeListener listener) {
pcSupport.removePropertyChangeListener(listener);
}
}
enum ModFiveStatus {
ZERO(0, "Zero"), ONE(1, "One"), TWO(2, "Two"), THREE(3, "Three"), FOUR(4, "Four");
private int value;
private String text;
private ModFiveStatus(int value, String text) {
this.value = value;
this.text = text;
}
public int getValue() {
return value;
}
public String getText() {
return text;
}
public static ModFiveStatus getValuesStatus(int value) {
if (value < 0 || value >= values().length) {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(value);
}
for (ModFiveStatus modFiveStatus : ModFiveStatus.values()) {
if (modFiveStatus.getValue() == value) {
return modFiveStatus;
}
}
// default that should never happen
return null;
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class MvcEgControl {
private Model model;
private View view;
public MvcEgControl(final Model model, final View view) {
this.model = model;
this.view = view;
view.setMyButtonAction(new MyButtonAction("My Button", KeyEvent.VK_B));
view.setStatusLabelText(model.getModFiveStatus().getText());
System.out.println("model's status: " + model.getModFiveStatus());
System.out.println("model's status text: " + model.getModFiveStatus().getText());
model.addPropertyChangeListener(new ModelListener());
}
private class MyButtonAction extends AbstractAction {
public MyButtonAction(String text, int mnemonic) {
super(text);
putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, mnemonic);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
model.incrementStatus();
System.out.println("button pressed");
}
}
private class ModelListener implements PropertyChangeListener {
@Override
public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {
if (evt.getPropertyName().equals(Model.MOD_FIVE_STATUS)) {
String status = model.getModFiveStatus().getText();
view.setStatusLabelText(status);
System.out.println("status is: " + status);
}
}
}
}
我心中的关键是模型对视图一无所知，而视图对模型知之甚少（这里一无所知）。