我正在尝试使用 MFC 制作交互式图形,其中可以使用鼠标单击更改图形中样本点的 y 轴。我使用本教程实现了双缓冲
在此处输入链接描述. 我还应该指出,我需要不时为我的程序更改视口的来源。但是,当我单击要更新的样本点的图形时,我仍然可以看到它在闪烁。这不是一个不便,但我需要扩展这个图以包含许多样本点和其他特征,如网格线、轴、标签、边界区域等,我担心闪烁可能会成为我未来的问题,因为这个项目的规模越来越大。实施双缓冲似乎对输出没有任何改变。此外,既然我已经实现了双缓冲,程序似乎在执行过程中停止(当我在 Visual Studio 中以调试模式运行它时)并出现以下错误:
Unhandled exception at 0xffffff3a in graph_on_dlgbox.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0xffffff3a.
我仍然不确定是什么导致它出现,但如果我开始快速随机点击图形区域似乎会发生。由于我在不使用双缓冲的代码中(还)没有看到这个错误,我假设它与双缓冲代码有关,但我不确定。
无论如何,我想一次解决这个问题,第一个问题是闪烁。这是我没有双缓冲的代码:
void Cgraph_on_dlgboxDlg::OnPaint()
{
CPaintDC dc(this);
if (IsIconic())
{
// CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting
SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(dc.GetSafeHdc()), 0);
// Center icon in client rectangle
int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
CRect rect;
GetClientRect(&rect);
int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;
int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;
// Draw the icon
dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);
}
else
{
CDialogEx::OnPaint();
}
CPen pen;
COLORREF pencolour = RGB(0, 0, 0);
COLORREF brushcolour = RGB(0, 0, 255);
COLORREF graphColour = RGB(0, 0, 150);
// Draw boarder
pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 3, pencolour);
// CBrush brush(HS_CROSS, brushcolour);
dc.SetBkMode(TRANSPARENT);
dc.SetMapMode(MM_TEXT);
dc.SetViewportOrg(theGraph.x1, theGraph.y1);
// Dc.SetViewportExt(theGraph.width, theGraph.height);
dc.SelectObject(&pen);
// dc.SelectObject(&brush);
// Draw graph boundary
CPoint point1(0,0);
point1.x = 0;
point1.y = 0;
CPoint point2(0,0);
point2.x = point1.x + theGraph.width;
point2.y = point1.y + theGraph.height;
dc.Rectangle(CRect(point1, point2));
pen.DeleteObject();
// Draw Horizontal at 0
pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, pencolour);
dc.SelectObject(&pen);
dc.MoveTo(0, theGraph.height - ORG_DIST_FROM_BOTTOM);
dc.LineTo(theGraph.width, theGraph.height - ORG_DIST_FROM_BOTTOM);
pen.DeleteObject();
// Shift overall graph origin from top left corner to beginning of this horizontal line
dc.SetViewportOrg(theGraph.x1, theGraph.y1 + theGraph.height - ORG_DIST_FROM_BOTTOM); // dc.SetViewportOrg() always works relative to the clinet origin
// Draw graph line
pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, graphColour);
dc.SelectObject(&pen);
for(int i = 0; i<NUM_OF_SECTIONS_IN_GRAPH; i++){
dc.MoveTo(graphSamplePoints[i].x, graphSamplePoints[i].y);
dc.LineTo(graphSamplePoints[i+1].x, graphSamplePoints[i+1].y);
}
// draw circles at graph sample points
for(int i = 0; i<NUM_OF_POINTS_IN_GRAPH; i++){
CIRCLE(dc, graphSamplePoints[i].x, graphSamplePoints[i].y, GRP_SMP_RAD);
}
}
这是带有双缓冲的修改版本:
void Cgraph_on_dlgboxDlg::OnPaint()
{
// /*****
CPaintDC dc_blt(this);
CDC dc;
CBitmap bmpDC;
// CRect rcClient;
// GetClientRect(rcClient);
if (IsIconic())
{
// CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting
SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(dc.GetSafeHdc()), 0);
// Center icon in client rectangle
int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
CRect rect;
GetClientRect(&rect);
int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;
int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;
// Draw the icon
dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);
}
else
{
CDialogEx::OnPaint();
}
dc.CreateCompatibleDC(&dc_blt);
// bmpDC.CreateCompatibleBitmap(&dc_blt, rcClient.Width(),rcClient.Height());
bmpDC.CreateCompatibleBitmap(&dc_blt, theGraph.width,theGraph.height );
dc.SelectObject(&bmpDC);
// ----------- After this point, do all operations considering (0,0) to be the origin of the bitmap
// consider bitmap coordinates a device coordinates for Viewport operations
CPen pen;
COLORREF pencolour = RGB(0, 0, 0);
COLORREF brushcolour = RGB(0, 0, 255);
COLORREF graphColour = RGB(0, 0, 150);
// Draw boarder
pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 3, pencolour);
// CBrush brush(HS_CROSS, brushcolour);
dc.SetBkMode(TRANSPARENT);
dc.SetMapMode(MM_TEXT);
// dc.SetViewportOrg(theGraph.x1, theGraph.y1);
// dc.SetViewportExt(theGraph.width, theGraph.height);
dc.SelectObject(&pen);
// dc.SelectObject(&brush);
// Draw graph boundary
CPoint point1(0,0);
point1.x = 0;
point1.y = 0;
CPoint point2(0,0);
point2.x = point1.x + theGraph.width;
point2.y = point1.y + theGraph.height;
dc.Rectangle(CRect(point1, point2));
pen.DeleteObject();
// Draw Horizontal at 0
pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, pencolour);
dc.SelectObject(&pen);
dc.MoveTo(0, theGraph.height - ORG_DIST_FROM_BOTTOM);
dc.LineTo(theGraph.width, theGraph.height - ORG_DIST_FROM_BOTTOM);
pen.DeleteObject();
// Shift overall graph origin from top left corner to beginning of this horizontal line
// dc.SetViewportOrg(theGraph.x1, theGraph.y1 + theGraph.height - ORG_DIST_FROM_BOTTOM); // dc.SetViewportOrg() always works relative to the client area origin
// New origin defined in terms of the Bitmap's origin
dc.SetViewportOrg(0, theGraph.height - ORG_DIST_FROM_BOTTOM);
// Draw graph line
pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, graphColour);
dc.SelectObject(&pen);
for(int i = 0; i<NUM_OF_SECTIONS_IN_GRAPH; i++){
dc.MoveTo(graphSamplePoints[i].x, graphSamplePoints[i].y);
dc.LineTo(graphSamplePoints[i+1].x, graphSamplePoints[i+1].y);
}
// draw circles at graph sample points
for(int i = 0; i<NUM_OF_POINTS_IN_GRAPH; i++){
CIRCLE(dc, graphSamplePoints[i].x, graphSamplePoints[i].y, GRP_SMP_RAD);
}
dc.SetViewportOrg(0, 0);
// dc_blt.BitBlt(rcClient.left+100,rcClient.top+50,rcClient.Width(), rcClient.Height(), &dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
// dc_blt.BitBlt(0,0,rcClient.Width(), rcClient.Height(), &dc, theGraph.x1, theGraph.y1, SRCCOPY);
dc_blt.BitBlt(theGraph.x1,theGraph.y1, theGraph.width, theGraph.height, &dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
// --- Bring the bitmap to this particular location on screen specified by (theGraph.x1,theGraph.y1, theGraph.width, theGraph.height)
// dc_blt.BitBlt(0,0,theGraph.width, theGraph.height, &dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
// dc_blt.BitBlt(theGraph.x1,theGraph.y1,theGraph.width, theGraph.height, &dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
// *****/
m_bMyDraw = FALSE;
}
这是输出的示例屏幕截图:
点击可以改变图形上采样点的y轴值,每次点击后程序都会重绘图形,调用InvalidateRect()
时将图形的面积作为要重绘的矩形。
样本点的坐标存储在 CPoint 对象数组中,每次在相应区域单击图形时都会更新其成员。然后,由于对 的调用,图形会重新绘制InvalidateRect()
,但会闪烁;当然,除非程序在调试模式下崩溃并出现以下错误:
如何去除闪烁?
- - 更新 - -
BOOL Cgraph_on_dlgboxDlg::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC)
{
// TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call default
if ( m_bMyDraw )
return TRUE;
else
return CDialogEx::OnEraseBkgnd(pDC);
}
这个函数是这样制作的,因为它在我之前提到的教程中是这样完成的
------ UPDATE 2 ---------- If I just put return TRUE; 在上述函数的主体中,闪烁似乎消失了,但现在输出看起来像这样
对话框背景似乎已经取走了我的 Visual Studio 窗口的内容。我该如何防止这种情况?