我已经开始学习 ffmpeg 几个弱点。目前，我可以使用 h264/AVC 编解码器将任何视频转码为 mp4。主要方案是这样的：
-open input
-demux
-decode
-encode
-mux
实际代码如下：
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
extern "C" {
#
ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS# undef main /* Prevents SDL from overriding main() */ # define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS# endif
# pragma comment(lib, "avcodec.lib")# pragma comment(lib, "avformat.lib")# pragma comment(lib, "swscale.lib")# pragma comment(lib, "avutil.lib")
#include <libavcodec\avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat\avformat.h>
#include <libswscale\swscale.h>
#include <libavutil\mem.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil\channel_layout.h>
#include <libavutil\common.h>
#include <libavutil\imgutils.h>
#include <libavutil\mathematics.h>
#include <libavutil\samplefmt.h>
}
using namespace std;
void open_video(AVFormatContext * oc, AVCodec * codec, AVStream * st) {
int ret;
AVCodecContext * c;
c = st - > codec;
/*open codec */
cout << "probably starts here" << endl;
ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL);
cout << "and ends here" << endl;
if (ret < 0) {
cout << ("Could not open video codec") << endl;
}
}
/*This function will add a new stream to our file.
@param
oc -> Format context that the new stream will be added.
codec -> codec of the stream, this will be passed.
codec_id ->
chWidth->
chHeight->
*/
AVStream * addStream(AVFormatContext * oc, AVCodec ** codec, enum AVCodecID codec_id, int chWidth, int chHeight, int fps) {
AVCodecContext * c;
AVStream * st;
//find encoder of the stream, it passes this information to @codec, later on
//it will be used in encoding the video @ avcodec_encode_video2 in loop.
* codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
if (( * codec) == NULL)
cout << "ERROR CAN NOT FIND ENCODER! ERROR! ERROR! AVCODEC_FIND_ENCODER FAILED !!!1 "
"" << endl;
if (!( * codec))
printf("Could not find encoder for ' %s ' ", avcodec_get_name(codec_id));
//create a new stream with the found codec inside oc(AVFormatContext).
st = avformat_new_stream(oc, * codec);
if (!st)
cout << " Cannot allocate stream " << endl;
//Setting the stream id.
//Since, there can be other streams in this AVFormatContext,
//we should find the first non used index. And this is oc->nb_streams(number of streams) - 1
st - > id = oc - > nb_streams - 1;
c = st - > codec;
//setting the stream's codec's properties.
c - > codec_id = codec_id;
c - > bit_rate = 4000000;
c - > width = chWidth;
c - > height = chHeight;
c - > time_base.den = fps;
//fps;
c - > time_base.num = 1;
c - > gop_size = 12;
c - > pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
if (c - > codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
/* just for testing, we also add B frames */
c - > max_b_frames = 2;
}
if (c - > codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) {
/* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
* This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
* the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
c - > mb_decision = 2;
}
/* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
if (oc - > oformat - > flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
c - > flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
//returning our lovely new brand stream.
return st;
}
int changeResolution(string source, int format) {
//Data members
struct SwsContext * sws_ctx = NULL;
AVFrame * pFrame = NULL;
AVFrame * outFrame = NULL;
AVPacket packet;
uint8_t * buffer = NULL;
uint8_t endcode[] = {
0,
0,
1,
0xb7
};
AVDictionary * optionsDict = NULL;
AVFormatContext * pFormatCtx = NULL;
AVFormatContext * outputContext = NULL;
AVCodecContext * pCodecCtx;
AVCodec * pCodec;
AVCodec * codec;
AVCodec * videoCodec;
AVOutputFormat * fmt;
AVStream * video_stream;
int changeWidth;
int changeHeight;
int frameFinished;
int numBytes;
int fps;
int lock = 0;
//Register all codecs & other important stuff. Vital!..
av_register_all();
//Selects the desired resolution.
if (format == 0) {
changeWidth = 320;
changeHeight = 180;
} else if (format == 1) {
changeWidth = 640;
changeHeight = 480;
} else if (format == 2) {
changeWidth = 960;
changeHeight = 540;
} else if (format == 3) {
changeWidth = 1024;
changeHeight = 768;
} else {
changeWidth = 1280;
changeHeight = 720;
}
// Open video file
int aaa;
aaa = avformat_open_input( & pFormatCtx, source.c_str(), NULL, NULL);
if (aaa != 0) {
cout << " cannot open input file \n" << endl;
cout << "aaa = " << aaa << endl;
return -1; // Couldn't open file
}
// Retrieve stream information
if (av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx) < 0)
return -1; // Couldn't find stream information
//just checking duration casually for no reason
/*int64_t duration = pFormatCtx->duration;
cout << "the duration is " << duration << " " << endl;*/
//this writes the info about the file
av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, 0, 0);
cin >> lock;
// Find the first video stream
int videoStream = -1;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
if (pFormatCtx - > streams[i] - > codec - > codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
videoStream = i;
cout << " lel \n ";
break;
}
if (videoStream == -1)
return -1; // Didn't find a video stream
// Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx - > streams[videoStream] - > codec;
fps = pCodecCtx - > time_base.den;
//Find the decoder of the input file, for the video stream
pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx - > codec_id);
if (pCodec == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec!\n");
return -1; // Codec not found
}
// Open codec, you must open it first, in order to use it.
if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, & optionsDict) < 0)
return -1; // Could not open codec
// Allocate video frame ( pFrame for taking the packets into, outFrame for processed frames to packet.)
pFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
outFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
i = 0;
int ret;
int video_frame_count = 0;
//Initiate the outFrame set the buffer & fill the properties
numBytes = avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight);
buffer = (uint8_t * ) av_malloc(numBytes * sizeof(uint8_t));
avpicture_fill((AVPicture * ) outFrame, buffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight);
int pp;
int frameNo = 0;
//allocate the outputContext, it will be the AVFormatContext of our output file.
//It will try to find the format by giving the file name.
avformat_alloc_output_context2( & outputContext, NULL, NULL, "myoutput.mp4");
//Cant find the file extension, using MPEG as default.
if (!outputContext) {
printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
avformat_alloc_output_context2( & outputContext, NULL, "mpeg", "myoutput.mp4");
}
//Still cant set file extension, exit.
if (!outputContext) {
return 1;
}
//set AVOutputFormat fmt to our outputContext's format.
fmt = outputContext - > oformat;
video_stream = NULL;
//If fmt has a valid codec_id, create a new video stream.
//This function will set the streams codec & codecs desired properties.
//Stream's codec will be passed to videoCodec for later usage.
if (fmt - > video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
video_stream = addStream(outputContext, & videoCodec, fmt - > video_codec, changeWidth, changeHeight, fps);
//open the video using videoCodec. by avcodec_open2() i.e open the codec.
if (video_stream)
open_video(outputContext, videoCodec, video_stream);
//Creating our new output file.
if (!(fmt - > flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
ret = avio_open( & outputContext - > pb, "toBeStreamed.264", AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
if (ret < 0) {
cout << " cant open file " << endl;
return 1;
}
}
//Writing the header of format context.
//ret = avformat_write_header(outputContext, NULL);
if (ret >= 0) {
cout << "writing header success !!!" << endl;
}
//Start reading packages from input file.
while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, & packet) >= 0) {
// Is this a packet from the video stream?
if (packet.stream_index == videoStream) {
// Decode video package into frames
ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, & frameFinished, & packet);
if (ret < 0) {
printf(" Error decoding frame !!..");
return ret;
}
if (frameFinished) {
printf("video_frame n:%d coded_n:%d\n", video_frame_count++, pFrame - > coded_picture_number);
}
av_free_packet( & packet);
//do stuff with frame, in this case we are changing the resolution.
static struct SwsContext * img_convert_ctx_in = NULL;
if (img_convert_ctx_in == NULL) {
img_convert_ctx_in = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx - > width,
pCodecCtx - > height,
pCodecCtx - > pix_fmt,
changeWidth,
changeHeight,
PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
SWS_BICUBIC,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL);
}
//scale the frames
sws_scale(img_convert_ctx_in,
pFrame - > data,
pFrame - > linesize,
0,
pCodecCtx - > height,
outFrame - > data,
outFrame - > linesize);
//initiate the pts value
if (frameNo == 0)
outFrame - > pts = 0;
//calculate the pts value & set it.
outFrame - > pts += av_rescale_q(1, video_stream - > codec - > time_base, video_stream - > time_base);
//encode frames into packages. Package passed in @packet.
if (avcodec_encode_video2(outputContext - > streams[0] - > codec, & packet, outFrame, & pp) < 0)
cout << "Encoding frames into packages, failed. " << endl;
frameNo++;
//write the packages into file, resulting in creating a video file.
av_interleaved_write_frame(outputContext, & packet);
}
}
av_free_packet( & packet);
//av_write_trailer(outputContext);
avio_close(outputContext - > pb);
// Free the RGB image
av_free(buffer);
av_free(outFrame);
// Free the YUV frame
av_free(pFrame);
// Close the codec
avcodec_close(video_stream - > codec);
avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
// Close the video file
avformat_close_input( & pFormatCtx);
return 0;
}
在该过程结束时，我得到了我想要的具有所需编解码器和容器和分辨率的文件。
我的问题是，在我们项目的一部分中，我需要在文件中获取基本视频流。比如example.264。但是，我不能在不创建AVFormatContext的情况下添加流。据我所知，我无法创建 AVFormatContext 因为 264 文件没有容器，它们只是原始视频？
我已经尝试了使用fwrite的解码编码.c 的方式。但是，该示例适用于 mpeg-2 编解码器，当我尝试将该代码改编为 H264/AVC 编解码器时，我从 mediainfo 收到“浮点除以零”错误，此外，视频的某些属性没有显示（例如作为 FPS & 游戏时间 & 质量因素）。我认为这与示例在代码末尾添加的“endcode”有关。它适用于 mpeg-2。( uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 }; )
无论如何，我很想为这项任务找到一个起点。我已经通过使用互联网资源（ffmpeg 很少且已过时）设法走到了这一步，但现在我有点卡住了。