1

我对多线程在 Java 中如何在低级别上工作的知识很少。我知道当您有两个线程运行时,Java 会为每个线程分配“时间块”以供执行。

例如:

public void test()
{
    Thread testThread = new Thread(new TestThread());
    testThread.start();

    for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; ++i)
        System.out.print("a");
}

private class TestThread extends Thread
{
    public void run()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; ++i)
            System.out.print("b");
    }
}

会打印出类似:
aaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbbaaaaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbbbbbbaaaaaaa...
而不是:
abababababababababababababababab.....


我的问题是:是否有可能减少“时间块”,所以我们更接近:
aabbaaabbaabbaaabbaabbbaabbaabbbaabbaaaa...


为什么?我正在尝试编写一个苹果推送通知服务器(只是为了好玩)。当您向苹果推送通知服务写入请求时,可能会发生一两件事:
1. 如果请求有效,则不会返回任何内容。
2. 如果请求无效,将返回错误码并关闭连接,并且在无效请求之后和连接关闭之前发送的所有请求都将被丢弃。

因为读取套接字会阻塞,直到有数据可供读取(如果我不写任何无效请求,这可能永远不会发生),我不能简单地在每次写入后读取以查看是否有错误而不设置 200-500 毫秒的超时. 如果我们有 100 万个写入请求(很有可能),这个超时会增加 55 - 138 小时,并且我们可能会因为短暂的超时而错过返回的错误,这将导致请求永远不会被发送。

所以我有两个线程,就像我上面的例子一样,一个正在写入服务器,一个正在读取等待查看是否返回错误。这就是问题所在:如果请求 #4 是错误的,但我们在读取错误并且连接关闭之前写入了 #5-#10,则请求 #5-10 会被 Apple 服务丢弃。因此,一旦我们知道 #4 是错误的并且我们知道我们写的最后一个请求是 #10,我们需要重新排队 #5-10 以再次发送。

我现在遇到的问题是因为“时间卡盘”很大,我可以在读取线程读取之前写入请求 #1-#400再次。然后读取线程读取 #21 存在错误,因此 #22-#400 被重新排队并再次发送......等等。理想情况下,读取线程能够从套接字读取每写入 5-10 个请求。

资源:

private Object readWriteLock = new Object();
private volatile int     lastWrittenIndex;
private volatile boolean doneWriting;
private List<PushNotificationRequest> pushNotificationRequestsResnedList = new ArrayList<PushNotificationRequest>();

public boolean write()
{
    // get the requests read list
    List<PushNotificationRequest> requests = getPushNotificationRequests(false);

    // as long as there are more notifications to write...
    while (requests.size() > 0)
    {
        lastWrittenIndex = -1;
        doneWriting = false;

        // create and start the read thread
        Thread readThread = new Thread(new ReadThread(), "APNS Reader");
        readThread.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < requests.size(); ++i)
        {
            PushNotificationRequest request = requests.get(i);

            // write
            boolean success = false;

            // attempt to send the notification a number of times
            for (int j = 0; j < MAX_NUM_PN_WRITE_ATTEMPTS; ++j)
            {
                synchronized (readWriteLock)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        // get the socket connection
                        SSLSocket socket = getAppleServiceSSLSockett();
                        OutputStream socketOutputStream = socket.getOutputStream();

                        socketOutputStream.write(request.binary);
                        socketOutputStream.flush();

                        success = true;
                        lastWrittenIndex = i;

                        break;
                    }
                    catch (IOException e)
                    {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    catch (AppleServiceConnectionException e)
                    {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!success)
                System.err.println("APNS Unable to send push notification:\n" + request);
        }

        // wait for some time so we can make sure the read thread can read everything
        try
        {
            Thread.sleep(Config.APNS_READ_TIME_AFTER_DONE_WRITING_MILLISECONDS);
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // let the read thread know we are done writing and close the connection so it unblocks
        doneWriting = true;
        closeAppleServiceSSLSockett();

        // wait for the read thread to return
        try
        {
            readThread.join();
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


        // clear the reading list
        requests.clear();

        // add the requests from the re-send to the list
        if (pushNotificationRequestsResnedList.size() > 0)
        {
            requests.addAll(pushNotificationRequestsResnedList);

            // clear the re-send list
            pushNotificationRequestsResnedList.clear();
        }
    }
}

private class ReadThread extends Thread
{
    public void run()
    {
        byte[] readBuffer = new byte[1024];
        int numBytesRead;
        int totalNumBytesRead;

        while (!doneWriting)
        {
            try
            {
                // get the socket connection
                SSLSocket socket = getAppleServiceSSLSockett();
                socket.setSoTimeout(Config.APNS_READ_TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS);

                InputStream socketInputStream = socket.getInputStream();

                // read (blocking)
                totalNumBytesRead = 0;
                while ((numBytesRead = socketInputStream.read(readBuffer)) != -1)
                    totalNumBytesRead += numBytesRead;

                // check for an error
                if (totalNumBytesRead > 0)
                {
                    synchronized (readWriteLock)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            PushNotificationResponse response = new PushNotificationResponse(readBuffer, 0);
                            System.err.println("APNS Read got response with id: " + response.identifier);

                            // find the request with the given identifier
                            int i;
                            for (i = lastWrittenIndex; i > -1; --i)
                            {
                                if (pushNotificationRequestsReadingList.get(i).identifier == response.identifier)
                                    break;
                            }


                            if (i == -1)
                            {
                                // something went wrong, we didn't find the identifier
                                System.err.println("APNS Read unable to find request with id: " + response.identifier);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                System.err.println("APNS Read " + response.getErrorMessage(pushNotificationRequestsReadingList.get(i)));

                                // add the requests between the bad request and the last written (included)
                                for (++i; i <= lastWrittenIndex; ++i)
                                    pushNotificationRequestsResnedList.add(pushNotificationRequestsReadingList.get(i));
                            }
                        }
                        catch (InvalidPushNotificationResponseException g)
                        {
                            g.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }

                    // the socket will be closed, reopen it
                    try
                    {
                        reopenAppleServiceSSLSockett();
                    }
                    catch (AppleServiceConnectionException e)
                    {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (SocketException e)
            {
                // ignore a close, it is expected
                if (!e.getMessage().equals("Socket closed"))
                    e.printStackTrace();
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            catch (AppleServiceConnectionException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
4

2 回答 2

1

您是否尝试过使用 Thread.yield() 要求线程调度程序移动到下一个线程?

// using Thread.yield() MIGHT give you the results you want
for (int i = 0; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; ++i)
{
    System.out.print("a");
    Thread.yield();
}

请记住,线程调度取决于底层操作系统,所以以上只是一个有根据的猜测——我没有尝试运行它。有关示例,请参见此处。

编辑:这里有一些关于不同平台如何实现产量的更多信息。

于 2013-07-02T21:45:35.450 回答
1

它不是java,而是操作系统实际上为线程安排时间块。在生产者/消费者场景中,您希望在生产者方面提供公平性,以便一个生产者在所有其他生产者都给出自己的输出之后给出一个输出。为此,您可以让一个线程轮流绕过几个懒惰的生产者。那是:

N 个生产者在生产者上公开一个 getNextThing() 和 1 个消费者循环,并将结果通过管道传输到您使用的列表

于 2013-07-02T22:02:54.873 回答