我正在使用 R2013a 中引入的新的 MATLAB单元测试框架matlab.unittest。我想写一个断言，以下两件事都会发生：
我找到了该verifyError方法，但这似乎只允许我检查标识符或错误元类。
另一个选项似乎verifyThat与Throws约束有关。这似乎更有希望，但文档Throws似乎有些稀疏，我无法弄清楚如何让它做我想做的事。
我意识到我可以将消息文本添加到错误标识符中，但我真的不想这样做。消息文本来自使用 mex 文件调用的本机库。并且文本用空格等格式化。文本可能很长，并且会弄乱错误标识符。
那么，是否有可能实现我想要的，如果可以，如何实现？
没有现成的功能可以做到这一点。这是破解它的一种方法。
考虑我们正在测试的以下函数。它在非数字输入上引发特定错误：
function out = increment(x)
if ~isa(x,'numeric')
error('increment:NonNumeric', 'Input must be numeric.');
end
out = x + 1;
end
这是单元测试代码：
classdef IncrementTest < matlab.unittest.TestCase
methods (Test)
function testOutput(t)
t.verifyEqual(increment(1), 2);
end
function testClass(t)
t.verifyClass(increment(1), class(2));
end
function testErrId(t)
t.verifyError(@()increment('1'), 'increment:NonNumeric');
end
function testErrIdMsg(t)
% expected exception
expectedME = MException('increment:NonNumeric', ...
'Input must be numeric.');
noErr = false;
try
[~] = increment('1');
noErr = true;
catch actualME
% verify correct exception was thrown
t.verifyEqual(actualME.identifier, expectedME.identifier, ...
'The function threw an exception with the wrong identifier.');
t.verifyEqual(actualME.message, expectedME.message, ...
'The function threw an exception with the wrong message.');
end
% verify an exception was thrown
t.verifyFalse(noErr, 'The function did not throw any exception.');
end
end
end
使用 try/catch 块的灵感来自于Steve EddinsassertExceptionThrown的旧xUnit 测试框架中的函数。（更新：该框架似乎已从文件交换中删除，我想鼓励使用新的内置框架。如果您有兴趣，这里是旧 xUnit 的一个流行分支：psexton/matlab-xunit）。
如果您想在测试错误消息时提供更多的灵活性，请verifyMatches使用正则表达式来匹配字符串。
此外，如果您喜欢冒险，您可以学习该matlab.unittest.constraints.Throws课程并创建您自己的版本，该版本除了检查错误 ID 之外还检查错误消息。
ME = MException('error:id', 'message');
import matlab.unittest.constraints.Throws
%t.verifyThat(@myfcn, Throws(ME));
t.verifyThat(@myfcn, ThrowsWithId(ME));
ThrowsWithId你的扩展版本在哪里
好的，所以我浏览了代码matlab.unittest.constraints.Throws并实现了一个自定义 Constraint类。
该类类似于Throws. 它接受一个MException实例作为输入，并检查被测试的函数句柄是否抛出了类似的异常（检查错误 ID 和消息）。它可以与任何断言方法一起使用：
testCase.assertThat(@fcn, ThrowsErr(ME))testCase.assumeThat(@fcn, ThrowsErr(ME))testCase.fatalAssertThat(@fcn, ThrowsErr(ME))testCase.verifyThat(@fcn, ThrowsErr(ME))要从抽象类创建子类matlab.unittest.constraints.Constraint，我们必须实现接口的两个功能：satisfiedBy和getDiagnosticFor。另请注意，我们改为从另一个抽象类继承，FunctionHandleConstraint因为它提供了一些辅助方法来处理函数句柄。
构造函数采用预期的异常（作为MException实例）和一个可选输入，指定输出参数的数量，用于调用正在测试的函数句柄。
编码：
classdef ThrowsErr < matlab.unittest.internal.constraints.FunctionHandleConstraint
%THROWSERR Constraint specifying a function handle that throws an MException
%
% See also: matlab.unittest.constraints.Throws
properties (SetAccess = private)
ExpectedException;
FcnNargout;
end
properties (Access = private)
ActualException = MException.empty;
end
methods
function constraint = ThrowsErr(exception, numargout)
narginchk(1,2);
if nargin < 2, numargout = 0; end
validateattributes(exception, {'MException'}, {'scalar'}, '', 'exception');
validateattributes(numargout, {'numeric'}, {'scalar', '>=',0, 'nonnegative', 'integer'}, '', 'numargout');
constraint.ExpectedException = exception;
constraint.FcnNargout = numargout;
end
end
%% overriden methods for Constraint class
methods
function tf = satisfiedBy(constraint, actual)
tf = false;
% check that we have a function handle
if ~constraint.isFunction(actual)
return
end
% execute function (remembering that its been called)
constraint.invoke(actual);
% check if it never threw an exception
if ~constraint.HasThrownAnException()
return
end
% check if it threw the wrong exception
if ~constraint.HasThrownExpectedException()
return
end
% if we made it here then we passed
tf = true;
end
function diag = getDiagnosticFor(constraint, actual)
% check that we have a function handle
if ~constraint.isFunction(actual)
diag = constraint.getDiagnosticFor@matlab.unittest.internal.constraints.FunctionHandleConstraint(actual);
return
end
% check if we need to execute function
if constraint.shouldInvoke(actual)
constraint.invoke(actual);
end
% check if it never threw an exception
if ~constraint.HasThrownAnException()
diag = constraint.FailingDiagnostic_NoException();
return
end
% check if it threw the wrong exception
if ~constraint.HasThrownExpectedException()
diag = constraint.FailingDiagnostic_WrongException();
return
end
% if we made it here then we passed
diag = PassingDiagnostic(constraint);
end
end
%% overriden methods for FunctionHandleConstraint class
methods (Hidden, Access = protected)
function invoke(constraint, fcn)
outputs = cell(1,constraint.FcnNargout);
try
[outputs{:}] = constraint.invoke@matlab.unittest.internal.constraints.FunctionHandleConstraint(fcn);
constraint.ActualException = MException.empty;
catch ex
constraint.ActualException = ex;
end
end
end
%% private helper functions
methods (Access = private)
function tf = HasThrownAnException(constraint)
tf = ~isempty(constraint.ActualException);
end
function tf = HasThrownExpectedException(constraint)
tf = metaclass(constraint.ActualException) <= metaclass(constraint.ExpectedException) && ...
strcmp(constraint.ActualException.identifier, constraint.ExpectedException.identifier) && ...
strcmp(constraint.ActualException.message, constraint.ExpectedException.message);
end
function diag = FailingDiagnostic_NoException(constraint)
import matlab.unittest.internal.diagnostics.ConstraintDiagnosticFactory;
import matlab.unittest.internal.diagnostics.DiagnosticSense;
subDiag = ConstraintDiagnosticFactory.generateFailingDiagnostic(...
constraint, DiagnosticSense.Positive);
subDiag.DisplayDescription = true;
subDiag.Description = 'The function did not throw any exception.';
subDiag.DisplayExpVal = true;
subDiag.ExpValHeader = 'Expected exception:';
subDiag.ExpVal = sprintf('id = ''%s''\nmsg = ''%s''', ...
constraint.ExpectedException.identifier, ...
constraint.ExpectedException.message);
diag = constraint.generateFailingFcnDiagnostic(DiagnosticSense.Positive);
diag.addCondition(subDiag);
end
function diag = FailingDiagnostic_WrongException(constraint)
import matlab.unittest.internal.diagnostics.ConstraintDiagnosticFactory;
import matlab.unittest.internal.diagnostics.DiagnosticSense;
if strcmp(constraint.ActualException.identifier, constraint.ExpectedException.identifier)
field = 'message';
else
field = 'identifier';
end
subDiag = ConstraintDiagnosticFactory.generateFailingDiagnostic(...
constraint, DiagnosticSense.Positive, ...
sprintf('''%s''',constraint.ActualException.(field)), ...
sprintf('''%s''',constraint.ExpectedException.(field)));
subDiag.DisplayDescription = true;
subDiag.Description = sprintf('The function threw an exception with the wrong %s.',field);
subDiag.DisplayActVal = true;
subDiag.DisplayExpVal = true;
subDiag.ActValHeader = sprintf('Actual %s:',field);
subDiag.ExpValHeader = sprintf('Expected %s:',field);
diag = constraint.generateFailingFcnDiagnostic(DiagnosticSense.Positive);
diag.addCondition(subDiag);
end
function diag = PassingDiagnostic(constraint)
import matlab.unittest.internal.diagnostics.ConstraintDiagnosticFactory;
import matlab.unittest.internal.diagnostics.DiagnosticSense;
subDiag = ConstraintDiagnosticFactory.generatePassingDiagnostic(...
constraint, DiagnosticSense.Positive);
subDiag.DisplayExpVal = true;
subDiag.ExpValHeader = 'Expected exception:';
subDiag.ExpVal = sprintf('id = ''%s''\nmsg = ''%s''', ...
constraint.ExpectedException.identifier, ...
constraint.ExpectedException.message);
diag = constraint.generatePassingFcnDiagnostic(DiagnosticSense.Positive);
diag.addCondition(subDiag);
end
end
end
这是一个示例用法（使用与以前相同的功能）：
t = matlab.unittest.TestCase.forInteractiveUse;
ME = MException('increment:NonNumeric', 'Input must be numeric.');
t.verifyThat(@()increment('5'), ThrowsErr(ME))
ME = MException('MATLAB:TooManyOutputs', 'Too many output arguments.');
t.verifyThat(@()increment(5), ThrowsErr(ME,2))
自从我发布此答案以来，某些类的内部结构发生了一些变化。我更新了上面的代码以使用最新的 MATLAB R2016a。如果您想要旧版本，请查看修订历史记录。