我在用 mayavi 的函数 quiver3d 绘制 3D 矢量场时遇到了一些问题。当我在终端中执行程序时，会出现以下内容：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "inter3d.py", line 80, in <module>
mlab.quiver3d(x,y,z,Bx,By,Bz,scale_factor=1 ,mask_points =5)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 34, in the_function
return pipeline(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 79, in __call__
output = self.__call_internal__(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 175, in __call_internal__
g = Pipeline.__call_internal__(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 90, in __call_internal__
self.source = self._source_function(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/sources.py", line 991, in vector_scatter
x, y, z, u, v, w = process_regular_vectors(*args)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/sources.py", line 904, in process_regular_vectors
w.shape == v.shape ), "argument shape are not equal"
AssertionError: argument shape are not equal
这是我的程序：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from numpy import *
from math import *
import numpy as numpy
import mayavi.mlab as mlab
#valeur initiale
a=6.371*10**6
b0=31200*10**-9
Bp=0.
nb_x=30
nb_y=30
nb_z=30
Lx=10*10**7
Ly=10*10**7
Lz=10*10**7
dx=Lx/nb_x
dy=Ly/nb_y
dz=Lz/nb_z
N = int(nb_x*nb_y*nb_z)
x=zeros(nb_x)
y=zeros(nb_y)
z=zeros(nb_z)
Bx=zeros((nb_x,nb_y,nb_z))
By=zeros((nb_x,nb_y,nb_z))
Bz=zeros((nb_x,nb_y,nb_z))
#xp=12*10**6
#yp=12*10**6
l=0
i=0
j=0
u=0
mu=4*pi*10**-7
k=mu/4*pi
M=8*10**22
#print N, dx, dy
########################
fichier = open('data.dat','w')
while i < nb_x :
j=0
while j < nb_y:
l=0
while l < nb_z:
x[i]=-Lx/2+i*dx
y[j]=-Ly/2+j*dy
z[l]=-Lz/2+l*dz
#print B[u,0],B[u,1], B[u,2]
r=sqrt(x[i]**2+y[j]**2+z[l]**2)
if r>=6.37*10**6:
if y[j] >= 0:
teta=acos(x[i]/r)
else:
teta=2*pi-acos(x[i]/r)
phi=z[l]/r
Br=2*k*M*cos(teta)/(r**3)
Bteta=k*M*sin(teta)/(r**3)
By[i,j,l]=sin(teta)*(Bteta*cos(phi)+Br*sin(phi))
Bx[i,j,l]=-cos(teta)*(Br*sin(phi)+Bteta*cos(phi))
Bz[i,j,l]=cos(phi)*Br-sin(teta)*Bteta
#B[i,j]=sqrt(Bx[i,j]**2+By[i,j]**2)#calcul de la norme du champs
else:
Bx[i,j,l]=0.
By[i,j,l]=0.
Bz[i,j,l]=0.
#fichier.write(str(B[u,0])+" "+str(B[u,1])+" "+str(B[u,2])+"\n")
fichier.write(str(i)+" "+str(j)+" "+str(l)+" "+str(Bx[i,j,l])+" "+str(By[i,j,l])+" "+str(Bz[i,j,l])+"\n")
l=l+1
u=u+1
print u
j=j+1
i=i+1
fichier.close()
print dx, dy, dz
#####################
mlab.quiver3d(x,y,z,Bx,By,Bz)
我在谷歌上发现有人使用这个函数来绘制矢量场，但它不是数组，也许这就是我的问题的原因，但是当我使用 matplot 中的 2D quiver 时，它的工作原理是这样写的:quiver(x,y,Bx,By)。
编辑 另一个尝试：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from numpy import *
from math import *
import numpy as np
import mayavi.mlab as mlab
from pylab import *
import pylab as pl
#valeur initiale
a=6.371*10**6
b0=31200*10**-9
Bp=0.
nb_x=30
nb_y=30
nb_z=30
Lx=10*10**7
Ly=10*10**7
Lz=10*10**7
dx=Lx/nb_x
dy=Ly/nb_y
dz=Lz/nb_z
N = int(nb_x*nb_y*nb_z)
x=0.
y=0.
z=0.
Bx=0.
By=0.
Bz=0.
#xp=12*10**6
#yp=12*10**6
l=0
i=0
j=0
u=0
teta=0.
phi=0.
mu=4*pi*10**-7
k=mu/4*pi
M=8*10**22
#print N, dx, dy
########################
def u(x,y,z,k,M):
r=sqrt(x**2+y**2+z**2)
print r
if r>=6.37*10**2:
if y >= 0:
teta=acos(x/r)
else:
teta=2*pi-acos(x/r)
phi=z/r
Br=2*k*M*cos(teta)/(r**3)
Bteta=k*M*sin(teta)/(r**3)
Bx=-cos(teta)*(Br*sin(phi)+Bteta*cos(phi))
#B[i,j]=sqrt(Bx[i,j]**2+By[i,j]**2)#calcul de la norme du champs
else:
Bx=0.
return Bx
def v(x,y,z,k,M):
r=sqrt(x**2+y**2+z**2)
if r>=6.37*10**2:
if y >= 0:
teta=acos(x/r)
else:
teta=2*pi-acos(x/r)
phi=z/r
Br=2*k*M*cos(teta)/(r**3)
Bteta=k*M*sin(teta)/(r**3)
By=sin(teta)*(Bteta*cos(phi)+Br*sin(phi))
#B[i,j]=sqrt(Bx[i,j]**2+By[i,j]**2)#calcul de la norme du champs
else:
By=0.
return By
def w(x,y,z,k,M):
r=sqrt(x**2+y**2+z**2)
if r>=6.37*10**2:
if y >= 0:
teta=acos(x/r)
else:
teta=2*pi-acos(x/r)
phi=z/r
Br=2*k*M*cos(teta)/(r**3)
Bteta=k*M*sin(teta)/(r**3)
Bz=cos(phi)*Br-sin(teta)*Bteta
#B[i,j]=sqrt(Bx[i,j]**2+By[i,j]**2)#calcul de la norme du champs
else:
Bz=0.
return Bz
#####################
x, y, z = np.mgrid[-5*10**7:5*10**7:400000, -5*10**7:5*10**7:400000, -5*10**7:5*10**7:400000]
mayavi.mlab.quiver3d(x, y, z, u, v, w, line_width=3, scale_factor=1)
在终端：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test2.py", line 97, in <module>
mayavi.mlab.quiver3d(x, y, z, u, v, w, line_width=3, scale_factor=1)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 34, in the_function
return pipeline(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 79, in __call__
output = self.__call_internal__(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 175, in __call_internal__
g = Pipeline.__call_internal__(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/helper_functions.py", line 90, in __call_internal__
self.source = self._source_function(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/sources.py", line 991, in vector_scatter
x, y, z, u, v, w = process_regular_vectors(*args)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/mayavi/tools/sources.py", line 902, in process_regular_vectors
u.shape == z.shape and
AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'shape'