10

我试图找出最好的方法,(在这种情况下可能无关紧要)根据标志的存在以及另一个表中的一行中的关系 id 来查找一个表的行。

这里是模式:

    CREATE TABLE files (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
dirty INTEGER NOT NULL);

    CREATE TABLE resume_points (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY  AUTOINCREMENT  NOT NULL ,
scan_file_id INTEGER NOT NULL );

我正在使用 SQLite3

那里的文件表将非常大,通常为 10K-5M 行。resume_points 将小于 10K,只有 1-2 个scan_file_iddistinct

所以我的第一个想法是:

select distinct files.* from resume_points inner join files
on resume_points.scan_file_id=files.id where files.dirty = 1;

一位同事建议扭转联接:

select distinct files.* from files inner join resume_points
on files.id=resume_points.scan_file_id where files.dirty = 1;

然后我想,既然我们知道 distinct 的数量scan_file_id会很小,也许子选择是最佳的(在这种罕见的情况下):

select * from files where id in (select distinct scan_file_id from resume_points);

输出有以下几行:分别为explain42、42 和 48。

4

5 回答 5

12

TL;DR:最好的查询和索引是:

create index uniqueFiles on resume_points (scan_file_id);
select * from (select distinct scan_file_id from resume_points) d join files on d.scan_file_id = files.id and files.dirty = 1;

由于我通常使用 SQL Server,所以起初我认为查询优化器肯定会为这样一个简单的查询找到最佳执行计划,而不管您以哪种方式编写这些等效的 SQL 语句。所以我下载了 SQLite,然后开始玩。令我惊讶的是,性能存在巨大差异。

这是设置代码:

CREATE TABLE files (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY autoincrement,
dirty INTEGER NOT NULL);

CREATE TABLE resume_points (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY  AUTOINCREMENT  NOT NULL ,
scan_file_id INTEGER NOT NULL );

insert into files (dirty) values (0);
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;
insert into files (dirty) select (case when random() < 0 then 1 else 0 end) from files;

insert into resume_points (scan_file_id) select (select abs(random() % 8000000)) from files limit 5000;

insert into resume_points (scan_file_id) select (select abs(random() % 8000000)) from files limit 5000;

我考虑了两个指标:

create index dirtyFiles on files (dirty, id);
create index uniqueFiles on resume_points (scan_file_id);
create index fileLookup on files (id);

以下是我尝试过的查询和 i5 笔记本电脑上的执行时间。数据库文件大小只有大约 200MB,因为它没有任何其他数据。

select distinct files.* from resume_points inner join files on resume_points.scan_file_id=files.id where files.dirty = 1;
4.3 - 4.5ms with and without index

select distinct files.* from files inner join resume_points on files.id=resume_points.scan_file_id where files.dirty = 1;
4.4 - 4.7ms with and without index

select * from (select distinct scan_file_id from resume_points) d join files on d.scan_file_id = files.id and files.dirty = 1;
2.0 - 2.5ms with uniqueFiles
2.6-2.9ms without uniqueFiles

select * from files where id in (select distinct scan_file_id from resume_points) and dirty = 1;
2.1 - 2.5ms with uniqueFiles
2.6-3ms without uniqueFiles

SELECT f.* FROM resume_points rp INNER JOIN files f on rp.scan_file_id = f.id
WHERE f.dirty = 1 GROUP BY f.id
4500 - 6190 ms with uniqueFiles
8.8-9.5 ms without uniqueFiles
    14000 ms with uniqueFiles and fileLookup

select * from files where exists (
select * from resume_points where files.id = resume_points.scan_file_id) and dirty = 1;
8400 ms with uniqueFiles
7400 ms without uniqueFiles

看起来 SQLite 的查询优化器根本不是很先进。最好的查询首先将 resume_points 减少到少量行(测试用例中为两个。OP 说会是 1-2。),然后查找文件以查看它是否脏。dirtyFilesindex 对任何文件都没有太大影响。我认为这可能是因为数据在测试表中的排列方式。它可能会对生产表产生影响。但是,差异不是太大,因为查找次数会少于少数。uniqueFiles确实有所作为,因为它可以将 10000 行 resume_points 减少到 2 行,而无需扫描其中的大部分。fileLookup确实使一些查询稍微快了一点,但不足以显着改变结果。值得注意的是,它使 group by 非常缓慢。总之,尽早减少结果集以产生最大的差异。

于 2013-07-02T04:44:26.360 回答
1

您可以尝试exists,这不会产生任何重复files

select * from files
where exists (
    select * from resume_points 
    where files.id = resume_points.scan_file_id
)
and dirty = 1;

当然,拥有正确的索引可能会有所帮助:

files.dirty
resume_points.scan_file_id

索引是否有用将取决于您的数据。

于 2013-07-02T00:20:11.993 回答
1

由于files.id是主键,请尝试使用GROUPBY字段而不是检查DISTINCT files.*

SELECT f.*
FROM resume_points rp
INNER JOIN files f on rp.scan_file_id = f.id
WHERE f.dirty = 1
GROUP BY f.id

另一个考虑性能的选项是向resume_points.scan_file_id.

CREATE INDEX index_resume_points_scan_file_id ON resume_points (scan_file_id)
于 2013-06-28T22:20:52.830 回答
1

我认为 jtseng 给出了解决方案。

select * from (select distinct scan_file_id from resume_points) d
join files on d.scan_file_id = files.id and files.dirty = 1

基本上它与您发布的最后一个选项相同:

select * from files where id in (select distinct scan_file_id from resume_points) and dirty = 1;

这是因为您必须避免全表扫描/加入。

因此,首先您需要 1-2 个不同的 id:

select distinct scan_file_id from resume_points

之后,只有您的 1-2 行必须连接到另一个表上,而不是全部 10K,这可以优化性能。

如果您多次需要此语句,我会将其放入视图中。该视图不会改变性能,但它看起来更干净/更易于阅读。

还检查查询优化文档:http ://www.sqlite.org/optoverview.html

于 2013-07-03T12:01:23.943 回答
0

如果表“resume_points”将只有一两个不同的文件 ID 号,它似乎只需要一两行,并且似乎需要 scan_file_id 作为主键。那个表只有两列,id号没有意义。

如果这种情况,您不需要任何一个 ID 号码。

pragma foreign_keys = on;
CREATE TABLE resume_points (
  scan_file_id integer primary key
);

CREATE TABLE files (
  scan_file_id integer not null references resume_points (scan_file_id),
  dirty INTEGER NOT NULL,
  primary key (scan_file_id, dirty)
);

现在你也不需要加入了。只需查询“文件”表。

于 2013-07-02T04:15:12.473 回答