以下是g++的STL实现(STL的sgi版本)的摘录。我想知道他们为什么使用部分专业化而不是函数重载。
template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
struct __copy_dispatch
{
OutputIterator operator()(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
OutputIterator result) {
return __copy(first, last, result, iterator_category(first));
}
};
//If the inputiterator and the outputiterator is all type T
//This is a partial specialization of the generalized version
template <class T>
struct __copy_dispatch<T*, T*>//-----------------------(1)
{
T* operator()(T* first, T* last, T* result) {
typedef typename __type_traits<T>::has_trivial_assignment_operator t;
return __copy_t(first, last, result, t());
}
};
//Strictly speaking this is a partial specialization of the last template function
template <class T>
struct __copy_dispatch<const T*, T*>//-----------------(2)
{
T* operator()(const T* first, const T* last, T* result) {
typedef typename __type_traits<T>::has_trivial_assignment_operator t;
return __copy_t(first, last, result, t());
}
};
//The generalized version of copy
template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
inline OutputIterator copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
OutputIterator result)
{
return __copy_dispatch<InputIterator,OutputIterator>()(first, last, result);
}
//A overload version
inline char* copy(const char* first, const char* last, char* result) {
memmove(result, first, last - first);
return result + (last - first);
}
如果我使用重载版本,例如:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator copy_dispatch(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
OutputIterator result) {
cout << "now in first" << endl;
return result;
}
template <class T>
T* copy_dispatch(T* first, T* last, T* result) {
cout << "now in second" << endl;
return 0;
}
template <class T>
T* copy_dispatch(const T* first, const T* last, T* result) {
cout << "now in third" << endl;
return 0;
}
int main( void ) {
int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6};
double b[] = {1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0};
int c[]={0,0,0,0,0,0};
int const d[]={0,0,0,0,0,0};
copy_dispatch(a,a+6, b);
copy_dispatch(a, a+6, c);
copy_dispatch(d, d+6, c);
}
输出是:
now in first
now in second
now in third
似乎它也可以正常工作?
那么是否有任何进一步的理由使用具有部分特化的仿函数类而不是函数重载
更新
以下是 STL 的 sgi 实现的一些其他摘录:
//sgi 4.5
template<bool>
struct _Destroy_aux
{
template<typename _ForwardIterator>
static void
__destroy(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
{
for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
std::_Destroy(&*__first);
}
};
template<>
struct _Destroy_aux<true>
{
template<typename _ForwardIterator>
static void
__destroy(_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator) { }
};
//in an old version of sgi 2.9 this is implemented with function overload
template <class ForwardIterator>
inline void
__destroy_aux(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, __false_type) {
for ( ; first < last; ++first)
destroy(&*first);
}
template <class ForwardIterator>
inline void __destroy_aux(ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator, __true_type) {}
template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
inline void __destroy(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, T*) {
typedef typename __type_traits<T>::has_trivial_destructor trivial_destructor;
__destroy_aux(first, last, trivial_destructor());