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我正在尝试从 Fortran 90 调用以下 C++ 函数。

//Filename ctest.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>

extern "C"
{
  extern struct{
    std::vector< std::vector<double> > a;
    std::vector< std::vector<double> > b;
    std::vector< std::vector<double> > c;
  }abc_;
}

int myfunc_(int y,int z)
{
  std::vector< std::vector<double> > u(y,std::vector<double>(z,2.0));  
  std::vector< std::vector<double> > v(y,std::vector<double>(z,4.0));
  std::vector< std::vector<double> > w(y,std::vector<double>(z,6.0));

  abc_.a = u;
  abc_.b = v;
  abc_.c = w;

  return(1);
}

对应的fortran代码是！文件 fortest.f90 ！Fortran 测试代码与 C++ 代码交互！从 C++ 返回结构

program fortest
implicit none
common/abc/ a,b,c
double precision,dimension(10,10) :: a
double precision,dimension(10,10) :: b
double precision,dimension(10,10) :: c

integer y,z

y = 10
z = 10

call myfunc(y,z)

write(*,*) a,b,c


stop

end

两个代码单独编译没有任何问题。但是，当我将 2 一起编译以连接它们时，使用

gfortran -o test fortest.o ctest.o

我收到一个非常大的错误消息。我怀疑问题在于 Fortran 无法识别 C++ 2d std::vector。但我在这里附上完整的信息，以防有人想看看。

user@userpc$ gfortran -o test fortest.o ctest.o
fortest.o: In function `MAIN__':
fortest.f90:(.text+0x2d): undefined reference to `myfunc_'
ctest.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
ctest.cpp:(.text+0x379): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
ctest.cpp:(.text+0x37e): undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
ctest.o: In function `std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIS_IdSaIdEESaIS1_EE20_M_allocate_and_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKS1_S3_EEEEPS1_mT_SB_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >)]+0x62): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIS_IdSaIdEESaIS1_EE20_M_allocate_and_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKS1_S3_EEEEPS1_mT_SB_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >)]+0x75): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIS_IdSaIdEESaIS1_EE20_M_allocate_and_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKS1_S3_EEEEPS1_mT_SB_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >)]+0x91): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
ctest.o: In function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >::deallocate(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIdSaIdEEE10deallocateEPS3_m[__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >::deallocate(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long)]+0x1c): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
ctest.o: In function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<double>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIdE8allocateEmPKv[__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<double>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)]+0x2c): undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_alloc()'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIdE8allocateEmPKv[__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<double>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)]+0x3c): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
ctest.o: In function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<double>::deallocate(double*, unsigned long)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIdE10deallocateEPdm[__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<double>::deallocate(double*, unsigned long)]+0x1c): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
ctest.o: In function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIdSaIdEEE8allocateEmPKv[__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)]+0x2c): undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_alloc()'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorISt6vectorIdSaIdEEE8allocateEmPKv[__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)]+0x45): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
ctest.o: In function `std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt20__uninitialized_copyILb0EE13__uninit_copyIPSt6vectorIdSaIdEES5_EET0_T_S7_S6_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)]+0x62): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt20__uninitialized_copyILb0EE13__uninit_copyIPSt6vectorIdSaIdEES5_EET0_T_S7_S6_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)]+0x75): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt20__uninitialized_copyILb0EE13__uninit_copyIPSt6vectorIdSaIdEES5_EET0_T_S7_S6_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)]+0x8d): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
ctest.o: In function `void std::__uninitialized_fill_n<false>::__uninit_fill_n<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const&)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIdSaIdEEmS4_EEvT_T0_RKT1_[void std::__uninitialized_fill_n<false>::__uninit_fill_n<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const&)]+0x56): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIdSaIdEEmS4_EEvT_T0_RKT1_[void std::__uninitialized_fill_n<false>::__uninit_fill_n<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const&)]+0x69): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt22__uninitialized_fill_nILb0EE15__uninit_fill_nIPSt6vectorIdSaIdEEmS4_EEvT_T0_RKT1_[void std::__uninitialized_fill_n<false>::__uninit_fill_n<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >(std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*, unsigned long, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const&)]+0x81): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
ctest.o: In function `std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt20__uninitialized_copyILb0EE13__uninit_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKSt6vectorIdSaIdEES4_IS6_SaIS6_EEEEPS6_EET0_T_SE_SD_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)]+0x7c): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt20__uninitialized_copyILb0EE13__uninit_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKSt6vectorIdSaIdEES4_IS6_SaIS6_EEEEPS6_EET0_T_SE_SD_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)]+0x8f): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt20__uninitialized_copyILb0EE13__uninit_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKSt6vectorIdSaIdEES4_IS6_SaIS6_EEEEPS6_EET0_T_SE_SD_[std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >* std::__uninitialized_copy<false>::__uninit_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > const*, std::vector<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >, std::allocator<std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > > >, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >*)]+0xa7): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
ctest.o: In function `double* std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >)':
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIdSaIdEE20_M_allocate_and_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKdS1_EEEEPdmT_S9_[double* std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >)]+0x62): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIdSaIdEE20_M_allocate_and_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKdS1_EEEEPdmT_S9_[double* std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >)]+0x75): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
ctest.cpp:(.text._ZNSt6vectorIdSaIdEE20_M_allocate_and_copyIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKdS1_EEEEPdmT_S9_[double* std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >::_M_allocate_and_copy<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > > >(unsigned long, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<double const*, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> > >)]+0x91): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
ctest.o:(.eh_frame+0x6b): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

知道怎么了....一般来说，我如何在 fortran 中从 C++ 调用多维 std::vectors？这对从事计算科学的人来说非常有用。

4

1 回答 1

1

std::vector is an object that can be expected to have various data members such as capacity, pointer-to-start-of-data, pointer-to-end etc.. The exact layout is not specified by the Standard - implementations may vary. The data is not stored directly in the vector - normally the pointer-to-start-of-data addresses heap-allocated memory. Therefore, you can't just point a fortran array at the vector object, as it will expect double data to be contiguously in memory from that address. You can't even use the .data() member to get the address where the pointer points, as in your case that's another vector and has the same problem. Put another way, your data just isn't contiguous in memory so won't correspond to the memory layout for a 2-dimensional array.

You could try copying the data into a packed two-dimensional array: if you know the dimensions will always be 10x10, then you can use a stack allocated area such as double data[10][10], otherwise you can double* p = new double[100] and put the logical value for [x][y] into element [x*10+y]. I'm guessing that's what your fortran implementation will expect but don't know for sure. It could be that it will expect contiguous data but packs it using [x+10*y], or it's even possible that it might introduce some other padding. It's worth checking with your fortran documentation. If all else fails (or you just think it's fun) you should be able to work it out by putting data into the fortran array and looking at the memory in a debugger to work out the layout.

于 2013-06-18T00:48:06.290 回答