我想让我的应用程序运行其他人的代码，也就是插件。但是，我必须采取哪些措施来确保其安全，以免他们编写恶意代码。我如何控制他们能做什么或不能做什么？
我偶然发现 JVM 具有“内置沙盒”功能 - 它是什么，这是唯一的方法吗？是否有用于制作沙盒的第三方 Java 库？
我有什么选择？感谢您提供指南和示例的链接！
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33581 次
7 回答
19
定义和注册您自己的安全管理器将允许您限制代码的功能 - 请参阅SecurityManager的 oracle 文档。
另外，考虑创建一个单独的机制来加载代码——即你可以编写或实例化另一个类加载器来从一个特殊的地方加载代码。您可能有加载代码的约定 - 例如从特殊目录或特殊格式的 zip 文件（如 WAR 文件和 JAR 文件）。如果你正在编写一个类加载器，它会让你不得不做一些工作来加载代码。这意味着如果您看到想要拒绝的某些内容（或某些依赖项），您可能无法加载代码。http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/ClassLoader.html
于 2009-11-11T13:16:26.027 回答
7
看看java-sandbox 项目，它可以轻松创建非常灵活的沙盒来运行不受信任的代码。
于 2013-06-13T05:36:31.367 回答
4
对于 AWT/Swing 应用程序，您需要使用非标准AppContext类，该类可能随时更改。因此，为了有效，您需要启动另一个进程来运行插件代码，并处理两者之间的通信（有点像 Chrome）。插件过程将需要一个SecurityManagerset 和 aClassLoader来隔离插件代码并将一个适当ProtectionDomain的应用于插件类。
于 2009-11-11T13:31:29.160 回答
3
以下是使用 SecurityManager 解决问题的方法：
package de.unkrig.commons.lang.security;
import java.security.AccessControlContext;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.Permissions;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
import de.unkrig.commons.nullanalysis.Nullable;
/**
* This class establishes a security manager that confines the permissions for code executed through specific classes,
* which may be specified by class, class name and/or class loader.
* <p>
* To 'execute through a class' means that the execution stack includes the class. E.g., if a method of class {@code A}
* invokes a method of class {@code B}, which then invokes a method of class {@code C}, and all three classes were
* previously {@link #confine(Class, Permissions) confined}, then for all actions that are executed by class {@code C}
* the <i>intersection</i> of the three {@link Permissions} apply.
* <p>
* Once the permissions for a class, class name or class loader are confined, they cannot be changed; this prevents any
* attempts (e.g. of the confined class itself) to release the confinement.
* <p>
* Code example:
* <pre>
* Runnable unprivileged = new Runnable() {
* public void run() {
* System.getProperty("user.dir");
* }
* };
*
* // Run without confinement.
* unprivileged.run(); // Works fine.
*
* // Set the most strict permissions.
* Sandbox.confine(unprivileged.getClass(), new Permissions());
* unprivileged.run(); // Throws a SecurityException.
*
* // Attempt to change the permissions.
* {
* Permissions permissions = new Permissions();
* permissions.add(new AllPermission());
* Sandbox.confine(unprivileged.getClass(), permissions); // Throws a SecurityException.
* }
* unprivileged.run();
* </pre>
*/
public final
class Sandbox {
private Sandbox() {}
private static final Map<Class<?>, AccessControlContext>
CHECKED_CLASSES = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Class<?>, AccessControlContext>());
private static final Map<String, AccessControlContext>
CHECKED_CLASS_NAMES = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, AccessControlContext>());
private static final Map<ClassLoader, AccessControlContext>
CHECKED_CLASS_LOADERS = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<ClassLoader, AccessControlContext>());
static {
// Install our custom security manager.
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError("There's already a security manager set");
}
System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager() {
@Override public void
checkPermission(@Nullable Permission perm) {
assert perm != null;
for (Class<?> clasS : this.getClassContext()) {
// Check if an ACC was set for the class.
{
AccessControlContext acc = Sandbox.CHECKED_CLASSES.get(clasS);
if (acc != null) acc.checkPermission(perm);
}
// Check if an ACC was set for the class name.
{
AccessControlContext acc = Sandbox.CHECKED_CLASS_NAMES.get(clasS.getName());
if (acc != null) acc.checkPermission(perm);
}
// Check if an ACC was set for the class loader.
{
AccessControlContext acc = Sandbox.CHECKED_CLASS_LOADERS.get(clasS.getClassLoader());
if (acc != null) acc.checkPermission(perm);
}
}
}
});
}
// --------------------------
/**
* All future actions that are executed through the given {@code clasS} will be checked against the given {@code
* accessControlContext}.
*
* @throws SecurityException Permissions are already confined for the {@code clasS}
*/
public static void
confine(Class<?> clasS, AccessControlContext accessControlContext) {
if (Sandbox.CHECKED_CLASSES.containsKey(clasS)) {
throw new SecurityException("Attempt to change the access control context for '" + clasS + "'");
}
Sandbox.CHECKED_CLASSES.put(clasS, accessControlContext);
}
/**
* All future actions that are executed through the given {@code clasS} will be checked against the given {@code
* protectionDomain}.
*
* @throws SecurityException Permissions are already confined for the {@code clasS}
*/
public static void
confine(Class<?> clasS, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain) {
Sandbox.confine(
clasS,
new AccessControlContext(new ProtectionDomain[] { protectionDomain })
);
}
/**
* All future actions that are executed through the given {@code clasS} will be checked against the given {@code
* permissions}.
*
* @throws SecurityException Permissions are already confined for the {@code clasS}
*/
public static void
confine(Class<?> clasS, Permissions permissions) {
Sandbox.confine(clasS, new ProtectionDomain(null, permissions));
}
// Code for 'CHECKED_CLASS_NAMES' and 'CHECKED_CLASS_LOADERS' omitted here.
}
于 2014-06-14T23:10:29.237 回答
0
关于这个问题的讨论启发了我开始我自己的沙盒项目。
https://github.com/Black-Mantha/sandbox
在其中，我遇到了一个重要的安全问题：“你如何允许沙箱外的代码绕过SecurityManager？”
我将沙盒代码放在它自己的线程组中，并且在该组之外时始终授予权限。如果您无论如何都需要在该组中运行特权代码（例如在回调中），则可以使用 ThreadLocal 仅为该线程设置标志。类加载器将阻止沙箱访问 ThreadLocal。此外，如果您这样做，您需要禁止使用终结器，因为它们在 ThreadGroup 之外的专用线程中运行。
于 2017-12-11T19:18:55.277 回答
0
在深入了解 Java 安全 API 之后，我发现了一个非常简单的解决方案，可以在受权限限制的沙箱中执行不受信任的代码：
这是（简化的）源代码：
package org.codehaus.commons.compiler;
import java.security.AccessControlContext;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.PermissionCollection;
import java.security.Policy;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
public final
class Sandbox {
static {
if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
// Before installing the security manager, configure a decent ("positive") policy.
Policy.setPolicy(new Policy() {
@Override public boolean
implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission permission) { return true; }
});
System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
}
}
private final AccessControlContext accessControlContext;
/**
* @param permissions Will be applied on later calls to {@link #confine(PrivilegedAction)} and {@link
* #confine(PrivilegedExceptionAction)}
*/
public
Sandbox(PermissionCollection permissions) {
this.accessControlContext = new AccessControlContext(new ProtectionDomain[] {
new ProtectionDomain(null, permissions)
});
}
/**
* Runs the given <var>action</var>, confined by the permissions configured through the {@link
* #Sandbox(PermissionCollection) constructor}.
*
* @return The value returned by the <var>action</var>
*/
public <R> R
confine(PrivilegedAction<R> action) {
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, this.accessControlContext);
}
public <R> R
confine(PrivilegedExceptionAction<R> action) throws Exception {
try {
return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, this.accessControlContext);
} catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
throw pae.getException();
}
}
}
于 2019-12-11T20:19:28.007 回答