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我正在尝试使用以下代码解析任意网页requests和BeautifulSoup库：

try:
    response = requests.get(url)
except Exception as error:
    return False

if response.encoding == None:
    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text) # This is line 809
else:
    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text, from_encoding=response.encoding)

在大多数网页上，这都很好。但是，在某些任意页面（<1％）上，我遇到了这个崩溃：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dotancohen/code/parser.py", line 155, in has_css
    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/models.py", line 809, in text
    content = str(self.content, encoding, errors='replace')
  TypeError: str() argument 2 must be str, not None

作为参考，这是 requests 库的相关方法：

@property
def text(self):
    """Content of the response, in unicode.

    if Response.encoding is None and chardet module is available, encoding
    will be guessed.
    """

    # Try charset from content-type
    content = None
    encoding = self.encoding

    # Fallback to auto-detected encoding.
    if self.encoding is None:
        if chardet is not None:
            encoding = chardet.detect(self.content)['encoding']

    # Decode unicode from given encoding.
    try:
        content = str(self.content, encoding, errors='replace') # This is line 809
    except LookupError:
        # A LookupError is raised if the encoding was not found which could
        # indicate a misspelling or similar mistake.
        #
        # So we try blindly encoding.
        content = str(self.content, errors='replace')

    return content

可以看出，抛出此错误时，我没有传入编码。我如何错误地使用库，我可以做些什么来防止这个错误？这是在 Python 3.2.3 上，但我也可以使用 Python 2 获得相同的结果。

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1 回答 1

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这意味着服务器没有为标头中的内容发送编码，并且chardet库也无法确定内容的编码。实际上，您故意测试是否缺少编码；如果没有可用的编码，为什么要尝试获取解码的文本？

您可以尝试将解码留给BeautifulSoup解析器：

if response.encoding is None:
   soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.content)

并且不需要将编码传递给 BeautifulSoup，因为如果.text没有失败，那么您使用的是 Unicode，并且 BeautifulSoup 无论如何都会忽略编码参数：

else:
   soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text)
于 2013-06-13T11:02:54.380 回答